Module 2Grammar reviewPremium
Italian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Identità e lavoro
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| / | I am an engineer | |
| I am an engineer | ||
| What do you do? (polite) | ||
| What do you do? (polite) | ||
| Which languages do you speak? (polite) | ||
| Which languages do you speak? (polite) | ||
| How do you say...? | ||
| How do you say...? | ||
| How do you spell it? | ||
| How do you spell it? | ||
Use to say who you are and what your job is: , , or . The article can be omitted in a plain profession statement, as in .
Ask for identity and for a job when using polite . With familiar , ask . A simple question can use normal sentence order and question intonation.
Use for languages: . Ask politely or familiarly. Use singular and plural .
To ask for a word or its spelling, learn , and . The last expression asks someone to say it letter by letter.
C'è e ci sono
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| there is | ||
| there is | ||
| there are | ||
| there are | ||
| there isn't | ||
| there isn't | ||
| there aren't | ||
| there aren't | ||
| this | ||
| this | ||
Use for one thing: . Use for several things: . These forms help you describe a room or place.
Put before these expressions to say that something is absent: and .
Use or for something near you: , . For something farther away, use or .
Simple questions include and . Keep the usual word order and change the intonation.
Aggettivi e colori
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| -o / -a | / | masculine / feminine singular |
| masculine / feminine singular | ||
| -i / -e | / | masculine / feminine plural |
| masculine / feminine plural | ||
| / | big / big | |
| big / big | ||
| / | old | |
| old | ||
| / | small | |
| small | ||
An Italian adjective often follows its noun: , , . Some common adjectives can come before it too, as in .
Adjectives agree in gender and number. A typical pattern is masculine singular , feminine singular , masculine plural and feminine plural .
Many colours follow the same pattern: and . Other describing words do too: .
Adjectives ending in -e, such as , usually have one singular form for both genders and a plural in -i: , . The colour stays the same.
Plurale e articoli
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| -o → -i | il tavolo → i tavoli | table → tables |
| table → tables | ||
| -a → -e | la sedia → le sedie | chair → chairs |
| chair → chairs | ||
| -e → -i | la chiave → le chiavi | key → keys |
| key → keys | ||
| the (masculine plural) | ||
| the (masculine plural) | ||
| / | / | the (plural) |
| the (plural) | ||
Many Italian nouns change their final vowel in the plural: masculine -o usually becomes -i, feminine -a usually becomes -e, and -e usually becomes -i: , , .
Articles change too. Use with nouns that take singular : . Use for masculine nouns taking or : , . All feminine nouns use plural : , .
Learn the noun with its article so you remember its gender and plural: , . Some borrowed words stay the same, as in .
You can now describe several objects in the flat: , , , . The related adjective also takes a plural form.
Essere e avere
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| we are | ||
| we are | ||
| you are | ||
| you are | ||
| they are | ||
| they are | ||
| we have | ||
| we have | ||
| that | ||
| that | ||
Learn all present tense forms of : . Polite also uses . Italian often omits the subject pronoun.
The present forms of are . Polite uses . Examples are and .
Use for this and for that: . The describing form agrees with the noun.
The present tense describes now and regular activities. It can also describe a future plan when a time expression makes the meaning clear. Here, practise it with rooms, objects and people.
Regular present verbs
For regular verbs, remove the infinitive ending and add a person ending. With -are the endings are -o, -i, -a, -iamo, -ate, -ano: . With -ere they are -o, -i, -e, -iamo, -ete, -ono: . With -ire they are -o, -i, -e, -iamo, -ite, -ono: .
Some verbs in -ire add -isc- for the singular and the third-person plural: . Learn with this pattern. Polite uses the third-person singular: . Italian often omits the subject pronoun because the ending tells you who acts.
| Infinitive | I | You, familiar | He/she/you, polite |
|---|---|---|---|
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
As Lukas
.
I am an engineer.
As Lena
.
I am an engineer.
As Lukas
.
I am the new German neighbour.
As Lena
.
I am the new German neighbour.
As Lukas
.
I am new here.
As Lena
.
I am new here.
.
I am from Hamburg.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
As Lukas
Sono un .
I am an engineer.
As Lena
Sono un' .
I am an engineer.
As Lukas
Sono il nuovo vicino .
I am the new German neighbour.
As Lena
Sono la nuova vicina .
I am the new German neighbour.
As Lukas
Io nuovo qui.
I am new here.
As Lena
Io nuova qui.
I am new here.
Io di Amburgo.
I am from Hamburg.
In cucina un tavolo.
There is a table in the kitchen.
È un divano .
It is a yellow sofa.
Il tavolo, i .
The table, the tables.
Noi qui per aiutare.
We are here to help.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
As Lukas
Io nuovo qui.
I am new here.
As Lena
Io nuova qui.
I am new here.
Io di Amburgo.
I am from Hamburg.
In cucina un tavolo.
There is a table in the kitchen.
È un divano .
It is a yellow sofa.
Il tavolo, i .
The table, the tables.
Noi qui per aiutare.
We are here to help.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
As Lukas
I am an engineer.
As Lena
I am an engineer.
As Lukas
I am the new German neighbour.
As Lena
I am the new German neighbour.
As Lukas
I am new here.
As Lena
I am new here.
I am from Hamburg.
There is a table in the kitchen.
It is a yellow sofa.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am an engineer.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am an engineer.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am the new German neighbour.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am the new German neighbour.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lukas
I am new here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
As Lena
I am new here.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
I am from Hamburg.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
I am from Hamburg.
You say:
Use the meaning and Italian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.

Unit complete
