Module 7Grammar reviewPremium
Korean in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
비가 와요 / 추워요 / 우산을 가져가세요
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| is cold | ||
| is cold | ||
| is hot | ||
| is hot | ||
| helps | ||
| helps | ||
| wears | ||
| wears | ||
For rain and snow, say and . Descriptions such as and already mean is cold/hot. Do not add a form of to be.
Some stems ending in change to before : 춥다 → 추워요, 덥다 → 더워요. The vowel then merges. 돕다 → 도와요 is a common exception with . Not every final changes: learn 입다 → 입어요 as a regular example.
Use the practical instruction . A reason and its consequence can be separate sentences: . Productive past verbs follow in the next unit.
어제 추웠어요 / 보다 더
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| went | ||
| went | ||
| ate | ||
| ate | ||
| did | ||
| did | ||
| was cold | ||
| was cold | ||
For the polite past, add after a stem whose last vowel is or , and after other stems. Vowels often merge: 가다 → 갔어요, 먹다 → 먹었어요, 보다 → 봤어요. 하다 → 했어요 is especially common. These forms work for every person.
For a describing verb the same past pattern describes a previous state: , . The earlier forms , and noun plus belong to this broader past family.
For a comparison, put after the reference noun, then often : . means less. The compared adjective does not agree with gender, number or person.
너무 작아요 / 더 큰 것
before a description means too in a complaint: . means very; means a little. A size need not be a long relative clause:
The describing form before a noun is after many consonants and after a vowel: , . A final drops before : 길다 → 긴. For known changing stems, 덥다 → 더운.
and mean most: . Korean does not add an English-style comparative or superlative suffix to the adjective. Use the same describing form with or .
노래할 수 있어요 / 못해요
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| can go | ||
| can go | ||
| can read | ||
| can read | ||
| can play a wind instrument | ||
| can play a wind instrument | ||
For can do, use the stem plus after a vowel or final , and after other consonants: , , . and are separate words.
For cannot, use , or a short before the verb: , . With a single verb ending in , the common combined negative is : . It describes inability, not a chosen refusal.
Learn 듣다 → 들어요 and 부르다 → 불러요. These are frequent changing stems, not models for every verb with the same last consonant. 노래하다 → 노래해요 is a regular do-verb.
샀어요 / 입었어요 / 안 샀어요
Use the past for a completed purchase: 사다 → 샀어요. 입다 → 입었어요 describes putting clothes on or wearing them in the past. A time word such as helps distinguish the event.
Put before a past form to say did not: . For inability in the past, use : . The negative word stays before the action; the past ending stays on the verb.
is a useful fitting-room permission question, May I try it on? Recognise as try wearing. It does not introduce a new English-style tense.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Spot the patterns again
Tap the highlighted form described in this unit.
.
It is raining.
.
It was cold yesterday.
.
It is too small.
.
I can sing.
.
I ate bread yesterday.
.
The small one, please.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the friendly polite form
Choose the form that fits the English meaning and the polite sentence.
As Lukas
저는 루카스예요. 비가 .
I am Lukas. It is raining.
As Lena
저는 레나예요. 비가 .
I am Lena. It is raining.
As Lukas
저는 루카스예요. 어제 .
I am Lukas. It was cold yesterday.
As Lena
저는 레나예요. 어제 .
I am Lena. It was cold yesterday.
너무 .
It is too small.
노래할 수 .
I can sing.
비옷을 .
I bought a raincoat.
오늘은 .
It is hot today.
어제 빵을 .
I ate bread yesterday.
것 주세요.
The small one, please.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete a short message
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
너무 .
It is too small.
노래할 수 .
I can sing.
비옷을 .
I bought a raincoat.
오늘은 .
It is hot today.
어제 빵을 .
I ate bread yesterday.
것 주세요.
The small one, please.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build useful sentences
Put the words in order.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. Yes. It is too small.
As Lena
I am Lena. Yes. It is too small.
As Lukas
I am Lukas. I can sing.
As Lena
I am Lena. I can sing.
Yes. I bought a raincoat.
Yes. It is hot today.
I ate bread yesterday.
The small one, please.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
It is raining.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
It is raining.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
It was cold yesterday.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
It was cold yesterday.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
It is too small.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
It is too small.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
I can sing.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
I can sing.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
I ate bread yesterday.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
I ate bread yesterday.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
The small one, please.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
The small one, please.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
