저는 …예요 / …이에요

Korean letters form syllable blocks. ㄱ and ㅏ make 가; a final consonant goes underneath, as in 강. In 아, the initial ㅇ is silent; at the bottom of 강, it is ng. Read from left to right, block by block. Spaces separate words, while particles and endings attach to them.

Use 저 for polite I and 제 for my. A topic, the person or thing you are talking about, takes 는 after a vowel or 은 after a final consonant: 저는, 집은. The noun plus 예요 after a vowel, or 이에요 after a consonant, means am, is or are. It stays the same for every person.

Ask the same sentence with rising intonation and a question mark. Adults use friendly polite endings here. Use a name plus 씨 for peers, but address our older landlady as 최 선생님. Avoid translating English you as 당신. Korean has no a/the articles or grammatical noun gender.

In grammar explanations, a button on a lone consonant sign reads its Korean letter name. The free Hangeul reading module instead labels and plays example syllables. Letter names help identify signs; join the sounds, rather than the names, when reading a word.

있어요 / 없어요 / 아니에요

있어요 means there is/are or have; 없어요 means there is not/are not or do not have. The same polite form works for every person. A key can be present, or yours to use: 열쇠 있어요? asks Have you got a key?

To deny an identity, use noun plus 이 아니에요 after a consonant or 가 아니에요 after a vowel. Say 제 열쇠가 아니에요, not a negative existence form. In casual conversation this particle is sometimes omitted.

이거 is this thing close to the speaker; 그거 is that thing near the listener or already mentioned. 제 거예요 means it is mine. Korean possession does not require a separate verb equivalent to English have.

주세요 / 아니면 / 하고

Ask for an item with noun plus 주세요: 커피 주세요. It is an everyday polite request, rather than a demand. 감사합니다 and 고마워요 are both polite thanks. Learn 맛있게 드세요 as the useful whole wish Enjoy your meal.

For an either/or question use 아니면: 커피요? 아니면 차요? A short answer can end in 요, as in 차요. After a consonant, 이요 makes it easy to say: 빵이요.

Join nouns with 하고, attached to the first noun: 커피하고 빵. You can also answer with two short requests. The noun itself does not change for grammatical gender or English articles.

자요 / 안 자요 / 자고 싶어요

Dictionary verbs end in 다. Remove it to find the stem. For the friendly polite present, stems with a last vowel ㅏ or ㅗ usually take 아요, others 어요. Vowels can merge: 자다 → 자요, 보다 → 봐요. 하다 → 해요 is very common. Learn each useful spoken form with its dictionary form.

The same verb ending serves I, you, he, she, we and they. Korean often leaves the person out when clear. Put 안 before an action to say do not: 안 자요. 못 자요 means cannot sleep; here it expresses inability, not a decision.

Put 고 싶어요 after the stem to say want to do: 자고 싶어요. The verb still belongs at the end of its clause. A present form describes a routine or something happening now; a time word makes the difference.

에 살아요 / 제 / 의

에 attaches to a location with live, be or exist: 여기에 살아요, 집에 있어요. Ask 어디에 살아요? Korean normally puts the place before the verb.

제 is my in polite conversation. An owner can take 의: 지훈 씨의 집. In everyday speech, it is often left out: 지훈 씨 집. 우리 means our and is also natural with a shared home or family. It does not always imply literal shared ownership.

Use 은/는 to introduce or contrast a topic. It is not a universal translation of the English subject. More specific subject marking comes next module. A list or reply may omit the particle when its meaning is clear.