ㅓ and ㅡ

silent initially / ng finally. A syllable needs an initial consonant position. ㅇ fills it silently before a vowel; at the bottom of 강, it is ng.. Letter name: 이응. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

a. An open a. With a vertical vowel, the initial consonant sits on the left.

i. A clear ee vowel.

o. A rounded o. A horizontal vowel goes underneath the initial consonant.

u. A rounded oo vowel.

yu. A y glide plus ㅜ.

n. Tongue at the ridge behind the upper teeth.. Letter name: 니은. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

m. Close the lips.. Letter name: 미음. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

d/t (lax). Another lax stop; listen to its position in words.. Letter name: 디귿. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

s. Before 이 it is commonly nearer sh.. Letter name: 시옷. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

eo / ʌ. An open unrounded vowel; not a sequence e + o.

eu / ɯ. A high unrounded vowel; not oo. Keep the lips unrounded.

b/p (lax). A lax lip stop; voicing varies with position.. Letter name: 비읍. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

r/l. Often a short tap between vowels and l at the end of a syllable.. Letter name: 리을. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

h. An h sound; it can interact with following consonants.. Letter name: 히읗. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

g/k (lax). A Korean lax stop. Its voicing depends on position; it is not simply an English g everywhere.. Letter name: 기역. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

kʰ (airy). A stronger puff of air than lax ㄱ.. Letter name: 키읔. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

kk (tense). Firm tense articulation; not two separately spoken k syllables.. Letter name: 쌍기역. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

ya. The extra stroke adds a y glide.

yeo. A y glide plus ㅓ.

yo. A y glide plus ㅗ.

tʰ (airy). A puff of air; not English th.. Letter name: 티읕. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

tt (tense). Firm articulation; no separate extra syllable.. Letter name: 쌍디귿. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

pʰ (airy). A puff of air after the lips open.. Letter name: 피읖. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

pp (tense). Firm lip closure.. Letter name: 쌍비읍. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

ss (tense). A tense s; compare ㅅ.. Letter name: 쌍시옷. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

j/ch (lax). A lax joined consonant; listen rather than substituting one English sound.. Letter name: 지읒. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

chʰ (airy). An airy joined consonant.. Letter name: 치읓. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

jj (tense). A tense joined consonant.. Letter name: 쌍지읒. The recording plays the labelled example syllable.

ae. Often pronounced like ㅔ in modern standard speech.

e. Often merges with ㅐ; still learn the distinct spelling.

yae. A y glide with ㅐ.

ye. A y glide with ㅔ; pronunciation varies in some consonant contexts.

wa. ㅗ plus ㅏ in one syllable.

wo. ㅜ plus ㅓ.

wi. ㅜ plus ㅣ.

wae. ㅗ plus ㅐ.

oe / we. Commonly pronounced like we in contemporary speech.

we. ㅜ plus ㅔ.

ui. Often eu + i initially. In common positions and in the possessive particle, pronunciation can change; listen to 의사 and the course phrases.