Module 8Grammar reviewPremium

Latvian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Man sāp galva

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		My head hurts.
My head hurts.
		Your throat hurts, polite.
Your throat hurts, polite.
		I feel bad.
I feel bad.
		You feel bad, familiar.
You feel bad, familiar.
		We feel bad.
We feel bad.
		You feel bad, polite.
You feel bad, polite.
·	·	I am ill.
I am ill.
·	·	You are ill, polite.
You are ill, polite.

For pain, the person is dative and the body part is nominative: , my head hurts; , your throat hurts. stays the same in singular and plural everyday pain statements.

Feeling uses the reflexive verb : . A describing word can be an adverb: . With be use the gender adjective .

A starting time uses plus genitive: . The ongoing state uses present: . To say cannot come use , the already taught negative modal.

Desmitajā jūlijā, četros

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		The appointment is at four.
The appointment is at four.
		Is earlier possible?
Is earlier possible?
·	·	I was born.
I was born.
·	·	You were born, polite.
You were born, polite.
		The birthday is on ten July.
The birthday is on ten July.
		I come to the doctor.
I come to the doctor.
		I want to make an appointment.
I want to make an appointment.
		I want to change the appointment.
I want to change the appointment.

On a form, is date of birth. The learner’s date is , read . In a born-on sentence the ordinal and month are locative: .

Learn the complete birth pair as a useful formula. The describing birth form changes for male and female learners. It is not a new finite-past person paradigm.

An appointment is , and means make an appointment. Say for at four today, for is earlier possible.

Atveriet muti, elpojiet

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Form	Example	Meaning
		Open your mouth, polite, please.
Open your mouth, polite, please.
		Wash your hands, polite, please.
Wash your hands, polite, please.
		Breathe deeply, polite, please.
Breathe deeply, polite, please.
		Drink water, polite, please.
Drink water, polite, please.
		Eat fruit, polite, please.
Eat fruit, polite, please.
		My ear hurts.
My ear hurts.
·	·	I am tired.
I am tired.
·	·	You are tired, polite.
You are tired, polite.

The body part is nominative with : . A command to open or wash something has an accusative: , open your mouth; , wash your hands.

For polite commands use -iet: . is an adverb meaning deeply. is three times a day. gives a length of time.

The doctor’s still follows the learner’s gender. Earlier event means I got wet and is learned whole until full action past.

The common body nouns , eye, and , ear, are feminine. Singular case forms are and . Plural and have genitives and : , earplugs. These useful body words have their own sound pattern.

Pēc ēšanas, trīsreiz dienā

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I take medicine.
I take medicine.
		You take medicine, familiar.
You take medicine, familiar.
		She takes medicine.
She takes medicine.
		We take medicine.
We take medicine.
		You take medicine, polite.
You take medicine, polite.
		They take medicine.
They take medicine.
·	·	I am ill.
I am ill.
·	·	You are ill, polite.
You are ill, polite.

means after and before. With a singular action noun use genitive: . With a plural meal noun use dative: .

is two tablets, three times a day. The counted feminine object has the same form in plural nominative and accusative. asks how often.

The medicine verb is : . A polite instruction is . , I have just got up, is a limited whole past expression.

Svarīgāka par sarakstu

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Form	Example	Meaning
		The prescription is more important than the list.
The prescription is more important than the list.
		The prescription is more important than the list.
The prescription is more important than the list.
		I feel better.
I feel better.
		I must sleep.
I must sleep.
		You must drink tea, polite.
You must drink tea, polite.
		You must take medicine, polite.
You must take medicine, polite.
·	·	I am happy.
I am happy.
·	·	You are happy, polite.
You are happy, polite.

A comparison can also use plus accusative: . With , compare two basic forms: . Both are natural patterns.

For equal degree use : , as warm as. An adverb comparison is , better, and , best: .

Advice can be a polite command or obligation: . With obligation the object is usually nominative: . Gender descriptions and person endings must stay consistent.

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Find the module patterns

Tap the form taught in this module.

As Lukas
.
I am ill.
As Lena
.
I am ill.
.
My head hurts.
.
The appointment is at four.
, .
Open your mouth, polite, please.
.
I take medicine.
.
The prescription is more important than the list.
.
Your throat hurts, polite.
?
Is earlier possible?

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Choose the form 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am ill.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am ill.
sāp galva.
My head hurts.
Vizīte ir .
The appointment is at four.
Atveriet , lūdzu.
Open your mouth, polite, please.
Es zāles.
I take medicine.
Recepte ir svarīgāka par .
The prescription is more important than the list.
sāp kakls.
Your throat hurts, polite.
Vai var ?
Is earlier possible?

Choose the form 2

Choose the right word for the gap.

Mazgājiet , lūdzu.
Wash your hands, polite, please.
Tu zāles.
You take medicine, familiar.
Recepte ir svarīgāka nekā .
The prescription is more important than the list.
Es slikti.
I feel bad.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I was born.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I was born.
Dziļi , lūdzu.
Breathe deeply, polite, please.
Es jūtos .
I feel better.
Tu slikti.
You feel bad, familiar.

Choose the form 3

Choose the right word for the gap.

ūdeni, lūdzu.
Drink water, polite, please.
Mēs zāles.
We take medicine.
Man .
I must sleep.
Mēs slikti.
We feel bad.
Dzimšanas diena ir desmitajā .
The birthday is on ten July.
augļus, lūdzu.
Eat fruit, polite, please.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Complete the messages

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am ill.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am ill.
sāp galva.
My head hurts.
Vizīte ir .
The appointment is at four.
Atveriet , lūdzu.
Open your mouth, polite, please.
Es zāles.
I take medicine.
Recepte ir svarīgāka par .
The prescription is more important than the list.
sāp kakls.
Your throat hurts, polite.
Vai var ?
Is earlier possible?
Mazgājiet , lūdzu.
Wash your hands, polite, please.
Tu zāles.
You take medicine, familiar.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Put the messages together

Put the words in order.

The prescription is more important than the list.
I feel bad.
As Lukas
I was born.
As Lena
I was born.
Breathe deeply, polite, please.
I feel better.
You feel bad, familiar.
Drink water, polite, please.
We take medicine.
Now: I must sleep.
We feel bad.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

Use the patterns

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am ill.
You say:
As Lena
I am ill.
You say:
My head hurts.
You say:
My head hurts.
You say:
The appointment is at four.
You say:
The appointment is at four.
You say:
Open your mouth, polite, please.
You say:
Open your mouth, polite, please.
You say:
I take medicine.
You say:
I take medicine.
You say:
The prescription is more important than the list.
You say:
The prescription is more important than the list.
You say:
Your throat hurts, polite.
You say:
Your throat hurts, polite.
You say:
Is earlier possible?
You say:
Is earlier possible?
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Fill the gaps

One more mixed message set

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Dzimšanas diena ir desmitajā .
The birthday is on ten July.
augļus, lūdzu.
Eat fruit, polite, please.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am ill.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am ill.
sāp galva.
My head hurts.

Unit complete

Latvian in everyday situations

8exercises

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