Module 4Grammar reviewPremium

Latvian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Māsa, brālis, vecāki

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		How old are you, polite?
How old are you, polite?
		I am thirty.
I am thirty.
		That is Maija’s son.
That is Maija’s son.
		That is Maija’s daughter.
That is Maija’s daughter.
		I have a younger brother.
I have a younger brother.
		I have an older sister.
I have an older sister.
·	·	I am young.
I am young.
·	·	You are young, polite.
You are young, polite.

Use genitive owners before their noun: , Elīna’s mother; , Maija’s son. Masculine names and have genitives and .

Age uses a dative person plus : . asks how old someone is. For a baby use months: .

The learner has and . Masculine and feminine comparison endings agree with the sibling, not the learner. , my husband, and , my wife, identify the person.

Desmitajā jūlijā

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Form	Example	Meaning
		The birthday is on ten July.
The birthday is on ten July.
		The birthday is on twenty-eight March.
The birthday is on twenty-eight March.
		That is the first question.
That is the first question.
		That is the first page.
That is the first page.
·	·	I am young.
I am young.
·	·	You are old, familiar.
You are old, familiar.
		That is the second page.
That is the second page.
		That is the second question.
That is the second question.

An ordinal gives a position: , masculine; , feminine. It agrees with the following noun: , .

For a date use the masculine locative of the ordinal and the month: . On forms, a date label can have the nominative: . Only the last word of a compound ordinal changes: .

The learner’s birthday is and birth year 1995; Elīna’s birthday is . Ordinary adjectives of age still show the learner’s gender: .

Brūnas acis, melni mati

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Form	Example	Meaning
		Jānis has brown eyes.
Jānis has brown eyes.
		Jānis has black hair.
Jānis has black hair.
		Maija has glasses.
Maija has glasses.
·	·	I am tall.
I am tall.
·	·	You are tall, polite.
You are tall, polite.
·	·	I am short.
I am short.
		That is curly hair.
That is curly hair.
		Those are brown eyes.
Those are brown eyes.

Describing plural things uses -i masculine and -as feminine: , black hair; , brown eyes. is plural for hair. The eyes and ears are feminine nouns: .

Possession stays dative plus : . Polite you is . Your own description agrees with you: .

Learn , I have glasses. For a single speaker, polite has a plural verb but a singular describing word: . Avoid using the other learner gender as a wrong answer.

Elīnai, man, jums

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		That is for me.
That is for me.
		That is for you, familiar.
That is for you, familiar.
		That is for him.
That is for him.
		That is for her.
That is for her.
		That is for us.
That is for us.
		That is for you, polite.
That is for you, polite.
		I give a book to Elīna.
I give a book to Elīna.
		I give a book to Jānis.
I give a book to Jānis.

A recipient takes the dative: , to Elīna; , to Jānis; , to Toms. The ordinary singular noun patterns are -am, -im, -um, -ai, -ei, -ij.

The personal recipients are . A gift phrase needs no English for word: , this is for you.

With give, the thing is accusative and the recipient dative: . A reason for a purchase can use a dative noun too: .

Biju, bija; precējies, precējusies

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
·	·	I was young.
I was young.
·	·	You were young, familiar.
You were young, familiar.
		He was young.
He was young.
		We were young.
We were young.
·	·	You were young, polite.
You were young, polite.
		They were young.
They were young.
·	·	I was not married.
I was not married.
·	·	You were not married, polite.
You were not married, polite.

The simple past of is . Its negative is . These say how a person or place was.

The finite verb does not change for a male or female learner, but a describing word does: . Married is , a useful pair learned whole. Birth descriptions are another useful gender pair.

Full action past is taught in module nine. Photo memories such as and the gift seller’s are limited recognition chunks here. The learner’s status is unmarried and without children.

The past tense describes an earlier time.

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Find the module patterns

Tap the form taught in this module.

As Lukas
.
I am young.
As Lena
.
I am young.
?
How old are you, polite?
.
The birthday is on ten July.
.
Jānis has brown eyes.
.
That is for me.
As Lukas
.
I was young.
As Lena
.
I was young.
.
The birthday is on twenty-eight March.
.
Jānis has black hair.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Choose the form 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am young.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am young.
Cik ir gadu?
How old are you, polite?
Dzimšanas diena ir desmitajā .
The birthday is on ten July.
Jānim ir acis.
Jānis has brown eyes.
Tas ir .
That is for me.
As Lukas
Es jauns.
I was young.
As Lena
Es jauna.
I was young.
Dzimšanas diena ir divdesmit astotajā .
The birthday is on twenty-eight March.
Jānim ir mati.
Jānis has black hair.

Choose the form 2

Choose the right word for the gap.

Tas ir .
That is for you, familiar.
As Lukas
Tu jauns.
You were young, familiar.
As Lena
Tu jauna.
You were young, familiar.
Tas ir Maijas .
That is Maija’s son.
Tas ir jautājums.
That is the first question.
Maijai ir .
Maija has glasses.
Tas ir .
That is for him.
Viņš jauns.
He was young.
Tā ir Maijas .
That is Maija’s daughter.

Choose the form 3

Choose the right word for the gap.

Tā ir lapa.
That is the first page.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am tall.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am tall.
Tas ir .
That is for her.
Mēs jauni.
We were young.
Man ir brālis.
I have a younger brother.
Tas ir .
That is for us.
As Lukas
Jūs jauns.
You were young, polite.
As Lena
Jūs jauna.
You were young, polite.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Complete the messages

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am young.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am young.
Cik ir gadu?
How old are you, polite?
Dzimšanas diena ir desmitajā .
The birthday is on ten July.
Jānim ir acis.
Jānis has brown eyes.
Tas ir .
That is for me.
As Lukas
Es jauns.
I was young.
As Lena
Es jauna.
I was young.
Dzimšanas diena ir divdesmit astotajā .
The birthday is on twenty-eight March.
Jānim ir mati.
Jānis has black hair.
Tas ir .
That is for you, familiar.
As Lukas
Tu jauns.
You were young, familiar.
As Lena
Tu jauna.
You were young, familiar.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Put the messages together

Put the words in order.

That is Maija’s son.
That is the first question.
Maija has glasses.
That is for him.
He was young.
That is Maija’s daughter.
That is the first page.
As Lukas
I am tall.
As Lena
I am tall.
That is for her.
We were young.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

Use the patterns

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am young.
You say:
As Lena
I am young.
You say:
How old are you, polite?
You say:
How old are you, polite?
You say:
The birthday is on ten July.
You say:
The birthday is on ten July.
You say:
Jānis has brown eyes.
You say:
Jānis has brown eyes.
You say:
That is for me.
You say:
That is for me.
You say:
As Lukas
I was young.
You say:
As Lena
I was young.
You say:
The birthday is on twenty-eight March.
You say:
The birthday is on twenty-eight March.
You say:
Jānis has black hair.
You say:
Jānis has black hair.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Fill the gaps

One more mixed message set

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Man ir brālis.
I have a younger brother.
Tas ir .
That is for us.
As Lukas
Jūs jauns.
You were young, polite.
As Lena
Jūs jauna.
You were young, polite.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am young.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am young.

Unit complete

Latvian in everyday situations

8exercises

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