Module 5Grammar reviewPremium

Latvian in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Deviņos, pus sešos

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I come at nine.
I come at nine.
		I come at eight.
I come at eight.
		I come at half past six.
I come at half past six.
		I come at half past five.
I come at half past five.
		Work starts at nine.
Work starts at nine.
		I work from nine.
I work from nine.
·	·	I am tired.
I am tired.
·	·	You are tired, polite.
You are tired, polite.

For at an hour, use the masculine plural locative: . An uninflected clock announcement is .

Latvian half hours refer to the coming hour: means at half past six; means at half past five. is at a quarter to nine. A simple minute expression is .

For from and until use . The plural forms after these prepositions are dative. Learn work-hour and clock formulas as complete patterns.

Pirmdien, katru dienu

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I come on Monday.
I come on Monday.
		I come every day.
I come every day.
		Jānis plays all night.
Jānis plays all night.
		I am never late.
I am never late.
		I always come at nine.
I always come at nine.
		I come at the weekend.
I come at the weekend.
·	·	I am hungry.
I am hungry.
·	·	You are hungry, polite.
You are hungry, polite.

The weekday noun is , Monday. A time adverb drops its final vowel: . Ask , when?

For every Monday or every day use an accusative duration phrase: . For at the weekend use or .

Frequency words are . needs a negative verb: . The plain present expresses habits; there is no separate habitual tense.

Ceļos, ceļaties

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I get up early.
I get up early.
		You get up early, familiar.
You get up early, familiar.
		He gets up early.
He gets up early.
		We get up early.
We get up early.
		You get up early, polite.
You get up early, polite.
		They get up early.
They get up early.
		I like reading.
I like reading.
		You like reading, polite.
You like reading, polite.

A reflexive verb ends in -ties and often describes the subject’s own activity. , get up, has . The present endings are -os, -ies, -as, -amies, -aties, -as.

is . is . Learn the stem pattern with each verb.

For liking, the person is dative and the thing is the subject: . An infinitive can be what you like: . A regular reading verb has . All finite forms are the same for male and female learners.

Mani, tevi, viņu

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Muris sees me.
Muris sees me.
		Muris sees you, familiar.
Muris sees you, familiar.
		Muris sees him.
Muris sees him.
		Muris sees us.
Muris sees us.
		Muris sees you, polite.
Muris sees you, polite.
		Muris sees them, masculine or mixed.
Muris sees them, masculine or mixed.
		Muris sees them, feminine.
Muris sees them, feminine.
		Muris is behind the computer.
Muris is behind the computer.

Object pronouns are . Third-person singular him and her share . as a plural object means them feminine. A genitive owner can look the same, so read the sentence.

Position phrases include , behind the computer, , in front of the printer, , on the table. The singular noun in each of these phrases is genitive.

Use a dative recipient plus an accusative object when giving: . The grey tomcat is male; its pronouns stay .

Nāc, nāciet

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		Come, Elīna, familiar!
Come, Elīna, familiar!
		Come, polite, please.
Come, polite, please.
		Read, Elīna, familiar!
Read, Elīna, familiar!
		Read, polite, please.
Read, polite, please.
		Take it, Muris, familiar!
Take it, Muris, familiar!
		Take it, polite, please.
Take it, polite, please.
		Do not come, Muris, familiar!
Do not come, Muris, familiar!
		Do not come, polite, please.
Do not come, polite, please.

An imperative gives a request or instruction. Familiar singular you often uses the present second-person form: . Polite or plural you adds -iet: .

Some short verbs change the stem: iet → ej, ejiet, ņemt → ņem, ņemiet, dot → dod, dodiet. Reflexive forms are and .

Negative instructions add : . For a joint invitation use the plural present as a conversational suggestion, , let’s go, or the future , explained as a useful chunk here. Third-person wishes use : .

Practice 1/6 · Finding words

Find the module patterns

Tap the form taught in this module.

As Lukas
.
I am tired.
As Lena
.
I am tired.
.
I come at nine.
.
I come on Monday.
.
I get up early.
.
Muris sees me.
, !
Come, Elīna, familiar!
.
I come at eight.
.
I come every day.

Practice 2/6 · The right form

Choose the form 1

Choose the right word for the gap.

As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am tired.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am tired.
Es nāku .
I come at nine.
Es nāku .
I come on Monday.
Es agri.
I get up early.
Muris redz .
Muris sees me.
, Elīna!
Come, Elīna, familiar!
Es nāku .
I come at eight.
Es nāku katru .
I come every day.

Choose the form 2

Choose the right word for the gap.

Tu agri.
You get up early, familiar.
Muris redz .
Muris sees you, familiar.
, lūdzu.
Come, polite, please.
Es nāku pus .
I come at half past six.
Jānis spēlē visu .
Jānis plays all night.
Viņš agri.
He gets up early.
Muris redz .
Muris sees him.
, Elīna!
Read, Elīna, familiar!

Choose the form 3

Choose the right word for the gap.

Es nāku pus .
I come at half past five.
Es nekavēju.
I am never late.
Mēs agri.
We get up early.
Muris redz .
Muris sees us.
, lūdzu.
Read, polite, please.
Es nāku deviņos.
I always come at nine.
Jūs agri.
You get up early, polite.
Muris redz .
Muris sees you, polite.

Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps

Complete the messages

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am tired.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am tired.
Es nāku .
I come at nine.
Es nāku .
I come on Monday.
Es agri.
I get up early.
Muris redz .
Muris sees me.
, Elīna!
Come, Elīna, familiar!
Es nāku .
I come at eight.
Es nāku katru .
I come every day.
Tu agri.
You get up early, familiar.
Muris redz .
Muris sees you, familiar.

Practice 4/6 · Building sentences

Put the messages together

Put the words in order.

Now: Come, polite, please.
I come at half past six.
Jānis plays all night.
He gets up early.
Muris sees him.
Now: Read, Elīna, familiar!
I come at half past five.
I am never late.
We get up early.
Muris sees us.

Practice 5/6 · In situations

Use the patterns

Choose the right words for the situation.

As Lukas
I am tired.
You say:
As Lena
I am tired.
You say:
I come at nine.
You say:
I come at nine.
You say:
I come on Monday.
You say:
I come on Monday.
You say:
I get up early.
You say:
I get up early.
You say:
Muris sees me.
You say:
Muris sees me.
You say:
Come, Elīna, familiar!
You say:
Come, Elīna, familiar!
You say:
I come at eight.
You say:
I come at eight.
You say:
I come every day.
You say:
I come every day.
You say:

Practice 6/6 · Fill the gaps

One more mixed message set

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

, lūdzu.
Read, polite, please.
Es nāku deviņos.
I always come at nine.
Jūs agri.
You get up early, polite.
Muris redz .
Muris sees you, polite.

Unit complete

Latvian in everyday situations

8exercises

Keep practising

Next scene · Scene 26Trīs ceļi uz stacijuThree routes to the stationBegin Back to the course