All present persons and a recipient
An infinitive is the dictionary verb form, ending in -t or -ties: , to play, , to sleep. Remove -t from to see its long-vowel stem. The regular present forms are .
The same model gives and . The third-person form is the same for he, she and they.
Put before the verb: . Early is a whole polite request. has the useful forms ; learn the sound change with the verb.
has . The recipient takes a dative: , help me. A singular noun dative is .
Early and are useful furniture-scene reactions, learned whole before full action past. is a familiar joint suggestion learned as a chunk until commands in module five.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I help Elīna. | ||
| I help Elīna. | ||
| You help Elīna, familiar. | ||
| You help Elīna, familiar. | ||
| He helps Elīna. | ||
| He helps Elīna. | ||
| We help Elīna. | ||
| We help Elīna. | ||
| You help Elīna, polite. | ||
| You help Elīna, polite. | ||
| They help Elīna. | ||
| They help Elīna. | ||
| · | · | I am hungry. |
| I am hungry. | ||
| · | · | You are hungry, polite. |
| You are hungry, polite. | ||
Es palīdzu Elīnai.I help Elīna.
Tu palīdzi Elīnai.You help Elīna, familiar.
Viņš palīdz Elīnai.He helps Elīna.
Mēs palīdzam Elīnai.We help Elīna.
Jūs palīdzat Elīnai.You help Elīna, polite.
Viņi palīdz Elīnai.They help Elīna.
Es esmu izsalcis.I am hungry.
Es esmu izsalkusi.I am hungry.
Jūs esat izsalcis.You are hungry, polite.
Jūs esat izsalkusi.You are hungry, polite.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
I help Elīna.
.
You help Elīna, familiar.
.
He helps Elīna.
.
We help Elīna.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Es Elīnai.
I help Elīna.
Tu Elīnai.
You help Elīna, familiar.
Viņš Elīnai.
He helps Elīna.
Mēs Elīnai.
We help Elīna.
Jūs Elīnai.
You help Elīna, polite.
Viņi Elīnai.
They help Elīna.
Es esmu .
I am hungry.
Es esmu .
I am hungry.
Jūs esat .
You are hungry, polite.
Jūs esat .
You are hungry, polite.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Viņš Elīnai.
He helps Elīna.
Mēs Elīnai.
We help Elīna.
Jūs Elīnai.
You help Elīna, polite.
Viņi Elīnai.
They help Elīna.
Es esmu .
I am hungry.
Es esmu .
I am hungry.
Jūs esat .
You are hungry, polite.
Jūs esat .
You are hungry, polite.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
I help Elīna.
You help Elīna, familiar.
He helps Elīna.
We help Elīna.
You help Elīna, polite.
They help Elīna.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
I help Elīna.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
I help Elīna.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
You help Elīna, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
You help Elīna, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
He helps Elīna.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
He helps Elīna.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
We help Elīna.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
We help Elīna.
You say:
Use the meaning and Latvian pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
