Module 2Grammar reviewPremium
Latvian in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Vāciski, latviski
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I speak Latvian. | ||
| I speak Latvian. | ||
| You speak Latvian, familiar. | ||
| You speak Latvian, familiar. | ||
| She speaks Latvian. | ||
| She speaks Latvian. | ||
| We speak Latvian. | ||
| We speak Latvian. | ||
| You speak Latvian, polite. | ||
| You speak Latvian, polite. | ||
| They speak Latvian. | ||
| They speak Latvian. | ||
| · | · | I am German. |
| I am German. | ||
| · | · | I am an engineer. |
| I am an engineer. | ||
An infinitive is the dictionary verb form, ending in -t or -ties: , to play, , to sleep. Remove -t from to see its long-vowel stem. The regular present forms are .
The same model gives and . The third-person form is the same for he, she and they.
Put before the verb: . Early is a whole polite request. has the useful forms ; learn the sound change with the verb.
Say for German nationality and for speaking German. A profession is . , from Germany, is an early whole source phrase.
The Latvian alphabet has 33 letters: . Keep macrons and consonant marks. A foreign surname such as Becker keeps its passport spelling. asks for spelling.
Galda nav, krēslu nav
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| There is no table. | ||
| There is no table. | ||
| There is no wardrobe. | ||
| There is no wardrobe. | ||
| There is no house. | ||
| There is no house. | ||
| There is no cup. | ||
| There is no cup. | ||
| There are tables here. | ||
| There are tables here. | ||
| There are houses here. | ||
| There are houses here. | ||
| · | · | I am new. |
| I am new. | ||
| · | · | You are new, polite. |
| You are new, polite. | ||
The genitive names an owner or what is absent. With , singular patterns are . The noun classes are commonly called declensions; learn each noun with its form, not by guessing from English.
For a singular object, the same nouns are . For a location they are .
Plural subject forms are . After , plural genitive forms are . Notice consonant changes in some genitives. and do not change for plural nouns.
Liels dīvāns, liela lampa
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| That is a big table. | ||
| That is a big table. | ||
| That is a big lamp. | ||
| That is a big lamp. | ||
| I see a big table. | ||
| I see a big table. | ||
| There are big tables here. | ||
| There are big tables here. | ||
| There are big houses here. | ||
| There are big houses here. | ||
| The lamp is green. | ||
| The lamp is green. | ||
| · | · | I am new. |
| I am new. | ||
| · | · | You are new, polite. |
| You are new, polite. | ||
An adjective agrees with its noun’s gender, number and case. Singular nominative patterns are . Accusative is ; genitive is ; locative is .
Plural nominatives are . Both plural accusatives use . The owner can be a name in the genitive: , Maija’s table, , Jānis’s sofa.
The complete basic colours are . Feminine forms are . More definite describing forms in the scene, such as , mean the particular red lamp; learn them as recognition chunks here.
Mans, mana, mani, manas
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| That is my table. | ||
| That is my table. | ||
| That is my cup. | ||
| That is my cup. | ||
| Those are my chairs. | ||
| Those are my chairs. | ||
| Those are my cups. | ||
| Those are my cups. | ||
| I take my cup. | ||
| I take my cup. | ||
| Muris is in my armchair. | ||
| Muris is in my armchair. | ||
| · | · | I am new. |
| I am new. | ||
| · | · | You are new, polite. |
| You are new, polite. | ||
Use for my; for your familiar; for our; for your polite or plural; for his; for her; for their. The final five owner forms stay unchanged while the following noun changes.
My plural nouns use for masculine and for feminine. Accusative singular is for both; genitive singular is masculine, feminine; dative is , masculine, , feminine; locative is for both.
Ownership does not depend on the learner’s gender. is my cup for Lukas and Lena. For describing yourself, however, use .
Mēs palīdzam
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I help Elīna. | ||
| I help Elīna. | ||
| You help Elīna, familiar. | ||
| You help Elīna, familiar. | ||
| He helps Elīna. | ||
| He helps Elīna. | ||
| We help Elīna. | ||
| We help Elīna. | ||
| You help Elīna, polite. | ||
| You help Elīna, polite. | ||
| They help Elīna. | ||
| They help Elīna. | ||
| · | · | I am hungry. |
| I am hungry. | ||
| · | · | You are hungry, polite. |
| You are hungry, polite. | ||
An infinitive is the dictionary verb form, ending in -t or -ties: , to play, , to sleep. Remove -t from to see its long-vowel stem. The regular present forms are .
The same model gives and . The third-person form is the same for he, she and they.
Put before the verb: . Early is a whole polite request. has the useful forms ; learn the sound change with the verb.
has . The recipient takes a dative: , help me. A singular noun dative is .
Early and are useful furniture-scene reactions, learned whole before full action past. is a familiar joint suggestion learned as a chunk until commands in module five.
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Find the module patterns
Tap the form taught in this module.
As Lukas
.
I am German.
As Lena
.
I am German.
As Lukas
.
I am an engineer.
As Lena
.
I am an engineer.
.
I speak Latvian.
.
There is no table.
.
That is a big table.
.
That is my table.
.
I help Elīna.
.
You speak Latvian, familiar.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form 1
Choose the right word for the gap.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am German.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am German.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am an engineer.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am an engineer.
Es latviski.
I speak Latvian.
nav.
There is no table.
Tas ir galds.
That is a big table.
Tas ir galds.
That is my table.
Es Elīnai.
I help Elīna.
Tu latviski.
You speak Latvian, familiar.
Choose the form 2
Choose the right word for the gap.
nav.
There is no wardrobe.
Tā ir lampa.
That is a big lamp.
Tā ir krūze.
That is my cup.
Tu Elīnai.
You help Elīna, familiar.
nav.
There is no house.
Es redzu galdu.
I see a big table.
Tie ir krēsli.
Those are my chairs.
Viņš Elīnai.
He helps Elīna.
Choose the form 3
Choose the right word for the gap.
Mēs latviski.
We speak Latvian.
nav.
There is no cup.
Te ir galdi.
There are big tables here.
Tās ir krūzes.
Those are my cups.
Mēs Elīnai.
We help Elīna.
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am German.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am German.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am an engineer.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am an engineer.
Es latviski.
I speak Latvian.
nav.
There is no table.
Tas ir galds.
That is a big table.
Tas ir galds.
That is my table.
Es Elīnai.
I help Elīna.
Tu latviski.
You speak Latvian, familiar.
nav.
There is no wardrobe.
Tā ir lampa.
That is a big lamp.
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Put the messages together
Put the words in order.
That is my cup.
You help Elīna, familiar.
Now: There is no house.
I see a big table.
Those are my chairs.
He helps Elīna.
We speak Latvian.
Now: There is no cup.
There are big tables here.
Those are my cups.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
Use the patterns
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
I am German.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
As Lena
I am German.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
As Lukas
I am an engineer.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
As Lena
I am an engineer.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
I speak Latvian.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
I speak Latvian.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
There is no table.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
There is no table.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
That is a big table.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
That is a big table.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
That is my table.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
That is my table.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
I help Elīna.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
I help Elīna.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
You speak Latvian, familiar.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
You speak Latvian, familiar.
You say:
Use the form and meaning explained in this module.
Practice 6/6 · Fill the gaps
One more mixed message set
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Mēs Elīnai.
We help Elīna.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am German.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am German.
As Lukas
Es esmu .
I am an engineer.
As Lena
Es esmu .
I am an engineer.
Es latviski.
I speak Latvian.

Unit complete
