The basic form of a noun, the nominative, names who or what: Here is coffee. When a noun is the thing you have, take or order, its ending changes. This object form is the accusative case. Rūta says , but you order . The endings shown here turn into a vowel with a little tail (, , ), said a bit longer.
The accusative, singular
| Nominative | Accusative | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| -as → -ą | ||
| · | · | a key · cake |
| a key · cake | ||
| -a → -ą | ||
| · | · | coffee · tea |
| coffee · tea | ||
| -ė → -ę | ||
| · | · | a café · a grandmother |
| a café · a grandmother | ||
| -is → -į | ||
| a grandfather | ||
| a grandfather | ||
Nouns in -is are masculine, like the ones in -as:
Kavą ar arbatą?Coffee or tea?
Kavą, prašau.Coffee, please.
Kavą, prašau.Coffee, please.
Tu turi mano raktą!You have my key!
Tu turi mano raktą!You have my key!
Aš turiu senelį ir močiutę.I have a grandfather and a grandmother.
And , juice? Elzė asks for and Rūta answers is always plural, like scissors or jeans in English: there is no singular. -ys is its plural basic form, and -is its plural object form. So is the accusative too, just the plural one. You will learn the plural properly in module 2.
, juice: always plural
| Nominative | Accusative | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Here's the juice. · Juice, please! | ||
| Here's the juice. · Juice, please! | ||
To ask a yes-or-no question, put in front of a normal sentence: → In speech a rising voice is often enough: Do you like it? For other questions, start with a question word.
Question words
| Word | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| (yes or no?) · Are you the new neighbour? | ||
| (yes or no?) · Are you the new neighbour? | ||
| who? what? · Who's this? | ||
| who? what? · Who's this? | ||
| what? whom? · What does Micius take? | ||
| what? whom? · What does Micius take? | ||
| where? · Where's the café? | ||
| where? · Where's the café? | ||
| where from? how? · How do you know? | ||
| where from? how? · How do you know? | ||
| how? · So, how is it? | ||
| how? · So, how is it? | ||
asks for the nominative, for the accusative:
Ar jūs žinote, kur kavinė?Do you know where the café is?
Ar jūs žinote, kur kavinė?Do you know where the café is?
Na, kaip? Patinka?So, how is it? Do you like it?
Ką Micius paima? – Raktą!What does Micius take? – The key!
Practice 1/5 · Finding words
Find the words
Tap the objects: the nouns ending in -ą, -ę or -į.
.
Micius takes the key.
, . .
Coffee, please. And cake.
, . .
Coffee, please. And cake.
.
Elzė has a grandfather and a grandmother.
.
Rūta has a café downstairs.
Practice 2/5 · The right form
Which form?
Choose the right word for the gap.
Štai .
Here's the coffee.
, prašau.
Coffee, please.
, prašau.
Coffee, please.
Tu turi mano !
You have my key!
Tu turi mano !
You have my key!
Čia mano .
This is my key.
Elzė paima .
Elzė takes the cake.
Rūta turi .
Rūta has a café.
Štai kava ir .
Here's coffee and cake.
Štai .
Here's the tea.
, prašau.
Tea, please.
, prašau.
Tea, please.
Kur ?
Where's the café?
Kur ?
Where's the café?
Family, and juice
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ona – mano .
Ona is my grandmother.
Aš turiu .
I have a grandmother.
Kas čia? – Mano .
Who's this? – My grandfather.
Elzė turi .
Elzė has a grandfather.
Štai .
Here's the juice.
, prašau!
Juice, please!
Ask the question
Choose the word that starts the question.
jūs naujas kaimynas?
Are you the new neighbour?
jūs nauja kaimynė?
Are you the new neighbour?
kavinė? – Apačioje.
Where's the café? – Downstairs.
kavinė? – Apačioje.
Where's the café? – Downstairs.
čia? – Čia Micius.
Who's this? – This is Micius.
čia? – Čia Micius.
Who's this? – This is Micius.
Na, ? Patinka?
So, how is it? Do you like it?
Micius paima? – Pyragą!
What does Micius take? – The cake!
Practice 3/5 · Fill the gaps
Breakfast
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Rūta turi . Ona viską .
Rūta has a café. Ona knows everything.
Elzė paima , o Micius paima .
Elzė takes the cake, and Micius takes the key.
Ona – mano . Aš turiu ir .
Ona is my grandmother. I have a grandfather too.
Kas čia? – Mano .
Who's this? – My grandfather.
, prašau! Ir .
Juice, please! And some cake.
Štai . O jums – .
Here's the juice. And for you, tea.
Čia mano , o Micius paima jūsų .
This is my key, and Micius takes yours.
Practice 4/5 · Building sentences
Put the words in order
Put the words in order.
Do you know where the café is?
Do you know where the café is?
Micius takes my key.
How do you know?
How do you know?
Here's coffee and cake.
Here's tea and juice.
Juice and cake, please!
My grandmother has the key.
This is my key, not yours.
Practice 5/5 · In situations
The right words
Choose the right words for the situation.
Rūta asks: coffee or tea? You want tea.
You say:
You are ordering it, so arbata becomes arbatą.
Rūta asks: coffee or tea? You want tea.
You say:
You are ordering it, so arbata becomes arbatą.
You want to know where the café is.
You say:
You want to know where the café is.
You say:
You want to know if the cake is Rūta's.
You say:
You want to know if the cake is Rūta's.
You say:
Unit complete
