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Module 7 grammar on one page
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
The weather, and what you need
The weather is what is out there: , it's sunny · , it's windy · , there are no clouds. Rain is made: , it's raining. It's warm is , it's cold , and you feel them with : , I'm hot · , I'm cold. Need is with , and the thing straight after it, with no article.
| Person | Need | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I need | ||
| I need | ||
| you need | ||
| you need | ||
| he needs | ||
| he needs | ||
| she needs | ||
| she needs | ||
| we need | ||
| we need | ||
| you need | ||
| you need | ||
| they need | ||
| they need | ||
Not: , , , , , , . No need: .
Grazzi, imma m'għandix bżonn umbrella.Thanks, but I don't need an umbrella.
Grazzi, imma m'għandix bżonn umbrella.Thanks, but I don't need an umbrella.
Għandek il-bard? Int bil-qmis biss!Are you cold? You're only in a shirt!
Must, know how, can: irid, jaf, jista'
Three verbs take a second verb, and both take the person. is want, and with a verb must: is knowing how, a skill: is can, possible or allowed:
| Meaning | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| must, want | ||||
| must, want | ||||
| know how | ||||
| know how | ||||
| can, may | ||||
| can, may | ||||
The plural: , , · , , · , , . Not: , , .
Illum trid tieħu l-umbrella miegħek.Today you must take the umbrella with you.
Tonio ma jafx jiżfen!Tonio can't dance!
Comparing: isħan, l-isħan, wisq
The comparative puts in front and an before the last consonant: , . Only gives , and and have shapes of their own. With the article it is the superlative: , the warmest. Neither ever changes for gender or number. Than is , with an ending for a person: ; before a verb it is . Longer words take : .
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| warm · warmer · the warmest | |||
| warm · warmer · the warmest | |||
| cold · colder · the coldest | |||
| cold · colder · the coldest | |||
| nice · nicer · the nicest | |||
| nice · nicer · the nicest | |||
| long · longer · the longest | |||
| long · longer · the longest | |||
| small · smaller · the smallest | |||
| small · smaller · the smallest | |||
| big · bigger · the biggest | |||
| big · bigger · the biggest | |||
| good · better · the best | |||
| good · better · the best | |||
| bad · worse · the worst | |||
| bad · worse · the worst | |||
Too is after the adjective, which agrees as always: , . Very is . A hundred is , before a noun : , , . Which? is .
Iksaħ mis-sajf! F'Jannar, bil-lejl, tmien gradi.Colder than summer! In January, at night, eight degrees.
L-isħan u l-isbaħ tal-ħanut kollu!The warmest and the nicest in the whole shop!
Erbgħin sena. Akbar minnek!Forty years. Older than you!
Why? Because. That's why.
asks why; gives the reason, with a whole sentence after it. , so, and , that's why, give what follows.
| Word | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| why? · Why me? | ||
| why? · Why me? | ||
| because · Because in the morning it was sunny. | ||
| because · Because in the morning it was sunny. | ||
| so · You've got a cold, so off to bed! | ||
| so · You've got a cold, so off to bed! | ||
| that's why · That's why you need a raincoat. | ||
| that's why · That's why you need a raincoat. | ||
Practice 1/8 · The right form
Need, must, know how, can
Choose the right word for the gap.
Illum tieħu l-umbrella.
Today you must take the umbrella.
Int bżonn kowt tax-xita.
You need a raincoat.
Ċikku bżonn jorqod.
Ċikku needs to sleep.
Aħna bżonn voluntiera għall-festa.
We need volunteers for the feast.
Intom bżonn umbrella?
Do you two need an umbrella?
Ġorġ u Lina bżonn kafè.
Ġorġ and Lina need a coffee.
Issa immur l-uffiċċju.
Now I have to go to the office.
Issa immur l-uffiċċju.
Now I have to go to the office.
Ġorġ idoqq is-Sibt.
Ġorġ wants to play on Saturday.
Ġorġ idoqq, imma wara nofsillejl ma jistax.
Ġorġ can play, but after midnight he can't.
tiżfen?
Can you dance?
Practice 2/8 · Finding words
Find the words
Tap the comparatives and the superlatives.
, .
The days are longer, and the sea is warmer.
. .
It suits you. Better than the yellow jacket.
. !
Forty years. Older than you!
!
The warmest and the nicest in the whole shop!
, .
My coffee is worse than Lina's, but Lina makes the best cake.
, .
My coffee is worse than Lina's, but Lina makes the best cake.
Practice 3/8 · The right form
Compare, and say why
Choose the right word for the gap.
Fis-sajf il-ġranet mix-xitwa.
In summer the days are longer than in winter.
Ella minn Ġorġ.
Ella is younger than Ġorġ.
Għawdex minn hawn.
Gozo is nicer than here.
Il-kowt tiegħi mill-ġakketta s-safra.
My coat is better than the yellow jacket.
Ix-xitwa f'Hamburg minn hawn.
Winter in Hamburg is worse than here.
Ix-xitwa f'Hamburg minn hawn.
Winter in Hamburg is worse than here.
Jannar hu x-xahar .
January is the coldest month.
Ġorġ hu fid-dar.
Ġorġ is the tallest in the house.
Għandek riħ, għas-sodda!
You've got a cold, so off to bed!
jien?
Why me?
jien?
Why me?
As Lukas
Il-ġakketta mhix kowt tax-xita, int imxarrab.
The jacket isn't a raincoat, that's why you're wet.
As Lena
Il-ġakketta mhix kowt tax-xita, int imxarrba.
The jacket isn't a raincoat, that's why you're wet.
Practice 4/8 · Questions
Ask and answer
Answer the questions.
Nista' nipprova din?
Can I try this on?
Ġorġ jista' jdoqq is-Sibt?
May Ġorġ play on Saturday?
Marija allows it, so it is jista'. Ġorġ knows how anyway.
Tista' tgħin fil-festa?
Can you help at the feast?
Kif inhu t-temp f'Malta fis-sajf?
What's the weather like in Malta in summer?
Liema ġakketta hi l-isbaħ?
Which jacket is the nicest?
Liema kappell hu l-iżgħar?
Which hat is the smallest?
Min hu l-akbar fin-numru sebgħa?
Who is the oldest at number 7?
Min jagħmel l-aħjar kejk?
Who makes the best cake?
Il-kafè tiegħek tajjeb?
Is your coffee good?
As Lukas
Għaliex int imxarrab?
Why are you wet?
As Lena
Għaliex int imxarrba?
Why are you wet?
Practice 5/8 · Fill the gaps
A week before the feast
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
It-Tlieta hemm ix-xemx, imma Marija tgħid: “ tieħu l-umbrella.”
On Tuesday it's sunny, but Marija says: “You must take the umbrella.”
It-Tlieta hemm ix-xemx, imma Marija tgħid: “ tieħu l-umbrella.”
On Tuesday it's sunny, but Marija says: “You must take the umbrella.”
Ċikku ma jridx joħroġ, ġejja x-xita.
Ċikku doesn't want to go out, because rain is coming.
Ċikku ma jridx joħroġ, ġejja x-xita.
Ċikku doesn't want to go out, because rain is coming.
Ċikku bżonn jorqod, u aħna bżonn voluntiera.
Ċikku needs to sleep, and we need volunteers.
Ċikku bżonn jorqod, u aħna bżonn voluntiera.
Ċikku needs to sleep, and we need volunteers.
F'Hamburg minn hawn, u hawn il-baħar .
In Hamburg it's colder than here, and here the sea is warmer.
F'Hamburg minn hawn, u hawn il-baħar .
In Hamburg it's colder than here, and here the sea is warmer.
Il-ġakketta s-sewda żgħira , u s-safra hi tal-ħanut.
The black jacket is too small, and the yellow one is the warmest in the shop.
Il-ġakketta s-sewda żgħira , u s-safra hi tal-ħanut.
The black jacket is too small, and the yellow one is the warmest in the shop.
Jannar hu x-xahar , u Ġorġ hu fid-dar.
January is the coldest month, and Ġorġ is the tallest in the house.
Jannar hu x-xahar , u Ġorġ hu fid-dar.
January is the coldest month, and Ġorġ is the tallest in the house.
Ella tkanta, imma Tonio ma jiżfen.
Ella can sing, but Tonio can't dance.
Ella tkanta, imma Tonio ma jiżfen.
Ella can sing, but Tonio can't dance.
Ġorġ idoqq is-Sibt, imma mhux wara nofsillejl.
Ġorġ may play on Saturday, but not after midnight.
Ġorġ idoqq is-Sibt, imma mhux wara nofsillejl.
Ġorġ may play on Saturday, but not after midnight.
Il-ġakketta mhix kowt tax-xita, int bżonn il-kowt ta' Marija.
The jacket isn't a raincoat, that's why you need Marija's coat.
Il-ġakketta mhix kowt tax-xita, int bżonn il-kowt ta' Marija.
The jacket isn't a raincoat, that's why you need Marija's coat.
Il-kowt ta' Marija mill-ġakketta, u minni!
Marija's coat is better than the jacket, and older than me!
Il-kowt ta' Marija mill-ġakketta, u minni!
Marija's coat is better than the jacket, and older than me!
Practice 6/8 · Building sentences
Put the words in order
Put the words in order.
Too hard? Listen to the sentence first.
Today you must take the umbrella.
Ġorġ wants to sleep, and I have to go.
Ġorġ wants to sleep, and I have to go.
Ġorġ and Lina need a coffee.
Colder than here, and more rain.
Colder than here, and more rain.
The hat is the smallest, and the coat the biggest.
I can't sing at all.
I can't sing at all.
Ġorġ can play, but he isn't allowed to after midnight.
Can you help at the feast?
You've got a cold, so off to bed!
Why me? Because you are one of number 7.
Practice 7/8 · In situations
The right words
Choose the right words for the situation.
As Lukas
You come home soaked. Tell Marija there's a storm outside.
You say:
As Lena
You come home soaked. Tell Marija there's a storm outside.
You say:
As Lukas
You've got a cold. Marija tells you to stay in bed tomorrow.
Marija says:
As Lena
You've got a cold. Marija tells you to stay in bed tomorrow.
Marija says:
Tell Tonio that Hamburg is colder than Malta.
You say:
Tell Tonio that Hamburg is colder than Malta.
You say:
In the shop, the jacket you try on is too big.
You say:
In the shop, the jacket you try on is too big.
You say:
Ella asks if you can sing. You can't, not at all.
You say:
Ella asks if you can sing. You can't, not at all.
You say:
Ġorġ asks Marija if he may play on Saturday.
Ġorġ says:
Marija asks why you're wet. Your umbrella is at the office.
You say:
Marija asks why you're wet. Your umbrella is at the office.
You say:
Tell Lina you need a warm jacket.
You say:
Tell Lina you need a warm jacket.
You say:
Practice 8/8 · Matching
Question and answer
Match each question to its answer.
Unit complete
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