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Unit 26 · inherent vowel review · Meet

inherent vowel review

Read Nepali word endings without importing a Hindi rule.

About this unit

Does a final consonant keep its built-in vowel? In Nepali the word decides, not a fixed rule.

  • Many words end in a bare consonant: नाम is nām, दिन is din.
  • Some words keep the final vowel. The recording tells you which.
  • Careful spelling can mark a bare ending with halant ्.

Read the examples

Tap a card and listen. Try saying it too.

Words to read

house

घर

houseghar
lotus

कमल

lotuskamal

छ

is (familiar Nepali form)cha

नेपाल

NepalNepāl

मित्र

friendmitra
Reading tips

घर ends in a consonant; छ keeps its vowel. Nepali does not simply drop the inherent vowel in every word-final position. Careful spelling may use halant where the vowel is absent. Whole-word Nepali audio takes priority over an English hint.

Reading practice

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

नेपाल

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

घर

Read and decide

Which model keeps its final vowel?

घर · छ

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

house

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

lotus

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Finish practice to save this unit.

You can read and write this

Read Nepali word endings without importing a Hindi rule.

Next unit
house

घर

house
lotus

कमल

lotus

छ

is (familiar Nepali form)

नेपाल

Nepal

मित्र

friend
Use a Nepali keyboard

Nepali traditional and romanised layouts are optional. Course tiles enter logical order: consonant, vowel, nasal mark; halant between joined consonants.

All letters

म
i

ma (Nepali carrier)

न
i

na (Nepali carrier)

कno puff of air
i

ka (Nepali carrier)

रr, a short tap
i

ra (Nepali carrier)

ल
i

la

आ
i

ā

◌ाIn का
i

ā sign

घbuzz and breath
i

gha

दtongue at the teeththroat buzzes
i

da

इ
i

i

◌िIn कि
i

i sign

तtongue at the teethno puff of air
i

ta

ई
i

i, independent spelling

◌ीIn की
i

i sign, second spelling

पno puff of air
i

pa

उ
i

u

ऊ
i

u, second independent spelling

◌ुIn कु
i

u sign

◌ूIn कू
i

u sign, second spelling

स
i

sa

ए
i

e

ऐ
i

ai

◌ेIn के
i

e sign

◌ैIn कै
i

ai sign

ओ
i

o

औ
i

au

◌ोIn को
i

o sign

◌ौIn कौ
i

au sign

खa puff of air
i

kha

गthroat buzzes
i

ga

चno puff of air
i

ca. Often said close to ts.

छa puff of air
i

cha

जthroat buzzes
i

ja. Often said close to dz.

झbuzz and breath
i

jha

थtongue at the teetha puff of air
i

tha

धtongue at the teethbuzz and breath
i

dha

टtongue curled backno puff of air
i

ṭa

ठtongue curled backa puff of air
i

ṭha

डtongue curled backthroat buzzes
i

ḍa

ढtongue curled backbuzz and breath
i

ḍha

बthroat buzzes
i

ba

भbuzz and breath
i

bha

फa puff of air
i

pha

य
i

ya

व
i

often ba in these words. Nepali व is pronounced b in many common words.

ह
i

ha

श
i

sa, spelling श

ष
i

sa, spelling ष

णtongue curled back
i

ṇa

अ
i

a, Nepali vowel

ऋ
i

ri

◌ंnasal vowel, or n or mIn अंगुर
i

anusvara: nasal mark

◌ँthe vowel through the noseIn आँखा
i

chandrabindu: nasal vowel

◌ृIn कृ
i

ri vowel sign

◌्In नमस्ते
i

halant: no inherent vowel

◌ःIn दुःख
i

visarga

ङ
i

ṅa

ञ
i

ña