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Unit 18 · ड, ढ, ब, भ and फ · Meet

ड, ढ, ब, भ and फ

Complete retroflex stops and p/b with breath.

About this unit

This unit completes the curled-back row with ड and ढ, and the p family with ब, भ and फ.

  • ड
    tongue curled back
    डोरी · rope
  • ढdoor
    tongue curled back
    ढोका · door
  • बcloud
    throat buzzes
    बादल · cloud
  • भcooked rice
    buzz and breath
    भात · cooked rice
  • फfruit
    a puff of air
    फल · fruit
No buzzBuzz
No breathपब
Breathफभ

The curled-back row is now complete: ट ठ ड ढ.

Reading tips

Listen to Nepali carriers afresh; this course never reuses Hindi audio. Plain, voiced and breathy consonants stay distinct.

Reading practice

Listen before looking

Do the two recordings sound the same or different?

Clip 1
Clip 2

Listen before looking

Do the two recordings sound the same or different?

Clip 1
Clip 2

Listen before looking

Do the two recordings sound the same or different?

Clip 1
Clip 2

Find the different recording

Which recording is different?

Clip 1
Clip 2
Clip 3

Letters in words

Match each sign to the same sign in its example.

Letters in words

Match each sign to the same sign in its example.

Find the sound

Match the sounds to the signs. Tap a sign to check.

Find the sound

Match the sounds to the signs. Tap a sign to check.

Read with support

Match the words to their pictures.

Read without a sound cue

Match the words to their pictures.

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

ढोका

Sound to spelling

Listen. Choose the spelling.

Spelling to sound

Read the word. Choose its sound.

भात

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

door

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

cloud

Build the word

Listen and build the word in typing order.

cooked rice

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Recall the spelling

Listen and build the word without its picture.

Finish practice to save this unit.

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Complete retroflex stops and p/b with breath.

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डोरी

rope
door

ढोका

door
cloud

बादल

cloud
cooked rice

भात

cooked rice
fruit

फल

fruit
Use a Nepali keyboard

Nepali traditional and romanised layouts are optional. Course tiles enter logical order: consonant, vowel, nasal mark; halant between joined consonants.

All letters

म
i

ma (Nepali carrier)

न
i

na (Nepali carrier)

कno puff of air
i

ka (Nepali carrier)

रr, a short tap
i

ra (Nepali carrier)

ल
i

la

आ
i

ā

◌ाIn का
i

ā sign

घbuzz and breath
i

gha

दtongue at the teeththroat buzzes
i

da

इ
i

i

◌िIn कि
i

i sign

तtongue at the teethno puff of air
i

ta

ई
i

i, independent spelling

◌ीIn की
i

i sign, second spelling

पno puff of air
i

pa

उ
i

u

ऊ
i

u, second independent spelling

◌ुIn कु
i

u sign

◌ूIn कू
i

u sign, second spelling

स
i

sa

ए
i

e

ऐ
i

ai

◌ेIn के
i

e sign

◌ैIn कै
i

ai sign

ओ
i

o

औ
i

au

◌ोIn को
i

o sign

◌ौIn कौ
i

au sign

खa puff of air
i

kha

गthroat buzzes
i

ga

चno puff of air
i

ca. Often said close to ts.

छa puff of air
i

cha

जthroat buzzes
i

ja. Often said close to dz.

झbuzz and breath
i

jha

थtongue at the teetha puff of air
i

tha

धtongue at the teethbuzz and breath
i

dha

टtongue curled backno puff of air
i

ṭa

ठtongue curled backa puff of air
i

ṭha

डtongue curled backthroat buzzes
i

ḍa

ढtongue curled backbuzz and breath
i

ḍha

बthroat buzzes
i

ba

भbuzz and breath
i

bha

फa puff of air
i

pha

य
i

ya

व
i

often ba in these words. Nepali व is pronounced b in many common words.

ह
i

ha

श
i

sa, spelling श

ष
i

sa, spelling ष

णtongue curled back
i

ṇa

अ
i

a, Nepali vowel

ऋ
i

ri

◌ंnasal vowel, or n or mIn अंगुर
i

anusvara: nasal mark

◌ँthe vowel through the noseIn आँखा
i

chandrabindu: nasal vowel

◌ृIn कृ
i

ri vowel sign

◌्In नमस्ते
i

halant: no inherent vowel

◌ःIn दुःख
i

visarga

ङ
i

ṅa

ञ
i

ña