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Nepali script reference

Look up a sign or check a rule while you read. Use the numbered units to learn step by step.

New Nepali consonant recordings use the Nepali inherent vowel; Hindi audio is never reused. Merged vowel spellings are taught through print.

Alphabet shelf · open whenever you need a reminder
म
i

ma (Nepali carrier)

न
i

na (Nepali carrier)

कno puff of air
i

ka (Nepali carrier)

रr, a short tap
i

ra (Nepali carrier)

ल
i

la

आ
i

ā

◌ाIn का
i

ā sign

घbuzz and breath
i

gha

दtongue at the teeththroat buzzes
i

da

इ
i

i

◌िIn कि
i

i sign

तtongue at the teethno puff of air
i

ta

ई
i

i, independent spelling

◌ीIn की
i

i sign, second spelling

पno puff of air
i

pa

उ
i

u

ऊ
i

u, second independent spelling

◌ुIn कु
i

u sign

◌ूIn कू
i

u sign, second spelling

स
i

sa

ए
i

e

ऐ
i

ai

◌ेIn के
i

e sign

◌ैIn कै
i

ai sign

ओ
i

o

औ
i

au

◌ोIn को
i

o sign

◌ौIn कौ
i

au sign

खa puff of air
i

kha

गthroat buzzes
i

ga

चno puff of air
i

ca. Often said close to ts.

छa puff of air
i

cha

जthroat buzzes
i

ja. Often said close to dz.

झbuzz and breath
i

jha

थtongue at the teetha puff of air
i

tha

धtongue at the teethbuzz and breath
i

dha

टtongue curled backno puff of air
i

ṭa

ठtongue curled backa puff of air
i

ṭha

डtongue curled backthroat buzzes
i

ḍa

ढtongue curled backbuzz and breath
i

ḍha

बthroat buzzes
i

ba

भbuzz and breath
i

bha

फa puff of air
i

pha

य
i

ya

व
i

often ba in these words. Nepali व is pronounced b in many common words.

ह
i

ha

श
i

sa, spelling श

ष
i

sa, spelling ष

णtongue curled back
i

ṇa

अ
i

a, Nepali vowel

ऋ
i

ri

◌ंnasal vowel, or n or mIn अंगुर
i

anusvara: nasal mark

◌ँthe vowel through the noseIn आँखा
i

chandrabindu: nasal vowel

◌ृIn कृ
i

ri vowel sign

◌्In नमस्ते
i

halant: no inherent vowel

◌ःIn दुःख
i

visarga

ङ
i

ṅa

ञ
i

ña

ल, आ, ◌ा and घ

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

म + ा → मा

घ + ा + म → घाम

Practise in Unit 7 →

द, इ and ◌ि

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

द + ि → दि

Practise in Unit 8 →

प, उ, ऊ, ◌ु and ◌ू

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

प + ु → पु

प + ू → पू

Practise in Unit 11 →

स, ए, ऐ, ◌े and ◌ै

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

प + ै → पै

Practise in Unit 12 →

ओ, औ, ◌ो and ◌ौ

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

क + ो → को

क + ौ → कौ

Practise in Unit 13 →

◌ं, ◌ँ and ◌ृ

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

आ + ँ → आँ

क + ृ → कृ

Practise in Unit 22 →

◌्, ◌ः, ङ and ञ

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

स + ् + त → स्त

ञ + ् + ज → ञ्ज

Practise in Unit 23 →

joined forms

Build the reading unit

Enter parts in logical order; the font places and joins them.

क + ् + ष → क्ष

ज + ् + ञ → ज्ञ

र + ् + क → र्क

Practise in Unit 25 →

nepali digits

DigitValue
०0
१1
२2
३3
४4
५5
६6
७7
८8
९9
Practise in Unit 27 →
More listening and background

Nepali · left to right · reading and optional typing