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Unit 3 · A first sound preview · Read
A first sound preview
Listen to the contrasts before learning their shapes.
कplain k: no puff of airखairy kh: a puff of airघbreathy gh: buzz and breath
Plain, airy and breathy
Hear aspiration: plain क in lotus has no puff of air, airy ख in rice pudding has one, and breathy घ in house adds breath to a buzzing g. kh is not English ch. The buttons play complete words, not isolated consonants.
कमल
lotus
खीर
rice pudding
घर
house
दtongue at the teethटtongue curled back
Dental and retroflex
Dental sounds touch the tongue to the upper teeth, as in दूध, milk. Retroflex sounds curl the tongue back, as in टोपी, cap. This tongue position can change a word.
दूध
milk
टोपी
cap
पाoral āपाँnasal ā̃: air through the nose
Nasal vowels
The moon-shaped sign ँ sends the vowel through the nose. Compare pāni, water, with pā̃c, five; eye is also nasal.
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