Module 9Grammar reviewPremium
Turkish in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Başlayacak; çalacağım
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I will come. | ||
| I will come. | ||
| You will come, familiar. | ||
| You will come, familiar. | ||
| He will come. | ||
| He will come. | ||
| We will come. | ||
| We will come. | ||
| You will come, polite. | ||
| You will come, polite. | ||
| They will come. | ||
| They will come. | ||
| I will not come. | ||
| I will not come. | ||
| You will not come, polite. | ||
| You will not come, polite. | ||
The future tense uses -acak or -ecek, with after a vowel: . The full paradigm is . Before first-person vowel endings, becomes .
The negative adds -ma or -me before the future ending: . The question particle stands separately: , will you come, politely?
A time word can make a present form a plan: . Use either taught pattern for plans. The exercises specify the time and the form they ask for.
Gördüm, görmedim
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I came. | ||
| I came. | ||
| You came, familiar. | ||
| You came, familiar. | ||
| She came. | ||
| She came. | ||
| We came. | ||
| We came. | ||
| You came, polite. | ||
| You came, polite. | ||
| They came. | ||
| They came. | ||
| I did not come. | ||
| I did not come. | ||
| You did not come, polite. | ||
| You did not come, polite. | ||
The definite past tense uses -dı, -di, -du, -dü after voiced sounds and -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü after f, s, t, k, , , h, p. Examples are . All regular stems take the same personal endings.
The six persons are . The negative is . Notice the first-person plural -k, unlike present forms.
The question comes after the personal form: Earlier and forms are not needed as productive patterns here; use as the already explained birth formula. Give a sequence with , first, then , afterwards.
Önce, sonra; duydum
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I heard it. | ||
| I heard it. | ||
| You heard it, familiar. | ||
| You heard it, familiar. | ||
| She heard it. | ||
| She heard it. | ||
| We heard it. | ||
| We heard it. | ||
| You heard it, polite. | ||
| You heard it, polite. | ||
| They heard it. | ||
| They heard it. | ||
| I did not hear it. | ||
| I did not hear it. | ||
| Did you hear it, polite? | ||
| Did you hear it, polite? | ||
The definite past tense uses -dı, -di, -du, -dü after voiced sounds and -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü after f, s, t, k, , , h, p. Examples are . All regular stems take the same personal endings.
The six persons are . The negative is . Notice the first-person plural -k, unlike present forms.
The question comes after the personal form: Earlier and forms are not needed as productive patterns here; use as the already explained birth formula. Give a sequence with , first, then , afterwards.
Use , first, and , then, to tell events in order. A past question has the particle after the personal ending: . means what happened.
Uyuyordum; gözlerimi kapattım
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I was sleeping. | ||
| I was sleeping. | ||
| You were sleeping, familiar. | ||
| You were sleeping, familiar. | ||
| She was sleeping. | ||
| She was sleeping. | ||
| We were sleeping. | ||
| We were sleeping. | ||
| You were sleeping, polite. | ||
| You were sleeping, polite. | ||
| They were sleeping. | ||
| They were sleeping. | ||
| I was not sleeping. | ||
| I was not sleeping. | ||
| I closed my eyes. | ||
| I closed my eyes. | ||
Contrast , I was at home, with , I came home. The first is a state, the second an action. Both take the already taught past personal endings.
For an action in progress in the past, -iyordu gives . This background pattern is useful for the festival pictures. means I was not sleeping.
A completed action can interrupt a background activity: Keep these as two short sentences. is I closed my eyes, not I slept.
Anna’ya yazdım
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I sent it. | ||
| I sent it. | ||
| You sent it, familiar. | ||
| You sent it, familiar. | ||
| She sent it. | ||
| She sent it. | ||
| We sent it. | ||
| We sent it. | ||
| You sent it, polite. | ||
| You sent it, polite. | ||
| They sent it. | ||
| They sent it. | ||
| I wrote to Anna. | ||
| I wrote to Anna. | ||
| I will buy a stamp tomorrow. | ||
| I will buy a stamp tomorrow. | ||
Write to someone with the recipient ending: . With a specified message use the direct object ending: .
Use at the beginning and at the end of a friendly postcard. These are fixed letter expressions. Keep events in short past sentences and plans in future sentences.
has regular past forms . A future stamp purchase is . The request is sufficient at the post office.
Practice 1/5 · Finding words
Find the familiar forms
Tap the form practised in the module.
.
I will come.
.
I came.
.
I heard it.
.
I was sleeping.
.
I sent it.
.
You will come, familiar.
.
You came, familiar.
.
You heard it, familiar.
Practice 2/5 · The right form
Choose the form: people and places
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ben .
I will come.
Ben .
I came.
Ben .
I heard it.
Ben .
I was sleeping.
Ben .
I sent it.
Sen .
You will come, familiar.
Sen .
You came, familiar.
Sen .
You heard it, familiar.
Sen .
You were sleeping, familiar.
Sen .
You sent it, familiar.
Choose the form: the rest of the module
Choose the right word for the gap.
O .
She came.
O .
She heard it.
O .
She was sleeping.
O .
She sent it.
Biz .
We will come.
Biz .
We came.
Biz .
We heard it.
Biz .
We were sleeping.
Biz .
We sent it.
Siz .
You will come, polite.
Practice 3/5 · Fill the gaps
Complete the mixed messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ben .
I will come.
Ben .
I came.
Ben .
I heard it.
Ben .
I was sleeping.
Ben .
I sent it.
Sen .
You will come, familiar.
Sen .
You came, familiar.
Sen .
You heard it, familiar.
Sen .
You were sleeping, familiar.
Sen .
You sent it, familiar.
Practice 4/5 · Building sentences
Put the messages together
Put the words in order.
She came here.
She heard it here.
She was sleeping here.
She sent it here.
We will come here.
We came here.
We heard it here.
We were sleeping here.
We sent it here.
You will come, polite here.
Practice 5/5 · In situations
Use the module patterns
Choose the right words for the situation.
I will come.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I will come.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I came.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I came.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I was sleeping.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I was sleeping.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I sent it.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I sent it.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You will come, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You will come, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You came, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You came, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You heard it, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You heard it, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Unit complete
