Module 5Grammar reviewPremium
Turkish in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Saat dokuz; dokuzda
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| It is nine o’clock. | ||
| It is nine o’clock. | ||
| Work starts at nine. | ||
| Work starts at nine. | ||
| It is half past six. | ||
| It is half past six. | ||
| It is five to nine. | ||
| It is five to nine. | ||
| It is five past nine. | ||
| It is five past nine. | ||
| It is a quarter to nine. | ||
| It is a quarter to nine. | ||
| Work starts at five. | ||
| Work starts at five. | ||
| We work from nine until half past five. | ||
| We work from nine until half past five. | ||
For a clock time say . For at nine use . Whole hours use the location ending with sound harmony: .
For a half hour say . For minutes past, learn , five past nine; for minutes to, , five to nine. means a quarter to nine. These are fixed telling-time patterns.
A period uses -dan and -a kadar: , from nine until half past five. and are explained as work-hour chunks before the case lesson.
Her gün; gelirim
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I come every day. | ||
| I come every day. | ||
| You come every day, familiar. | ||
| You come every day, familiar. | ||
| She comes every day. | ||
| She comes every day. | ||
| We come every day. | ||
| We come every day. | ||
| You come every day, polite. | ||
| You come every day, polite. | ||
| They come every day. | ||
| They come every day. | ||
| I never come. | ||
| I never come. | ||
| You never come, polite. | ||
| You never come, polite. | ||
With a time phrase the -iyor form can describe a routine: . Frequency words are , always; , usually; , often; , sometimes; with a negative verb, never.
A second common present pattern is the aorist, useful for general habits. gives . Many one-syllable verbs use -ar or -er: . Many longer stems use -ır, -ir, -ur, -ür: . Learn the vowel with each verb.
After a vowel use : . Common one-syllable verbs such as use -ir or -ır. The negative is . An adverb tells when or how an action happens.
Kalkıyorum, okuyorum
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I get up. | ||
| I get up. | ||
| You get up, familiar. | ||
| You get up, familiar. | ||
| He gets up. | ||
| He gets up. | ||
| We get up. | ||
| We get up. | ||
| You get up, polite. | ||
| You get up, polite. | ||
| They get up. | ||
| They get up. | ||
| I read a book. | ||
| I read a book. | ||
| I like reading. | ||
| I like reading. | ||
The infinitive is the dictionary form ending in -mak or -mek. Remove it to find the verb stem: gelmek → gel. The present tense ending -iyor describes what happens now and also routines with a time phrase.
The six persons are . The vowel before harmonises: . An ending may make the subject pronoun unnecessary.
For negation, put -mı, -mi, -mu, -mü before : . Before -yor, final or narrows: çalmak → çalıyor, beklemek → bekliyor. Early polite requests such as are whole expressions until module five.
Before -iyor, remove a final vowel and choose the harmonic vowel: okumak → okuyor, yıkamak → yıkıyor. gives and gives .
For liking an action, use -mayı or -meyi with : , I like reading; , I like sleeping. This is an action noun as the specific object.
Onu, anahtarını
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Tekir sees me. | ||
| Tekir sees me. | ||
| Tekir sees you, familiar. | ||
| Tekir sees you, familiar. | ||
| Tekir sees her. | ||
| Tekir sees her. | ||
| Tekir sees us. | ||
| Tekir sees us. | ||
| Tekir sees you, polite. | ||
| Tekir sees you, polite. | ||
| Tekir sees them. | ||
| Tekir sees them. | ||
| I take his key. | ||
| I take his key. | ||
| He takes my key. | ||
| He takes my key. | ||
The definite object pronouns are . These mean me, you, him or her, us, you, them as objects. Use , I see him or her.
A third-person possessed noun needs a buffer before a case ending: anahtarı → anahtarını, his key as an object; odası → odasında, in her room. First-person ownership does not need that buffer: .
For position, use , behind the computer; , in front of the printer. Keep the owner plus location expression together.
Gel, gelin, gelelim
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Come, Elif! | ||
| Come, Elif! | ||
| Come, Ayşe Hanım, polite! | ||
| Come, Ayşe Hanım, polite! | ||
| Let him come here. | ||
| Let him come here. | ||
| Let them come here. | ||
| Let them come here. | ||
| Let us come here. | ||
| Let us come here. | ||
| Do not come, Tekir! | ||
| Do not come, Tekir! | ||
| Do not come, polite, please. | ||
| Do not come, polite, please. | ||
| Let us not come. | ||
| Let us not come. | ||
An imperative is a request or instruction. For familiar you use the stem: . Polite or plural you adds -ın, -in, -un, -ün with after a vowel: . Optional -ız adds formality: .
For let him or her do it use -sın: . For let them do it use -sınlar: . There is no first-person singular imperative. For let us use -alım or -elim: .
Negative commands insert -ma or -me: . Add for please. The recipe asks for the address stated in English.
Practice 1/5 · Finding words
Find the familiar forms
Tap the form practised in the module.
.
I come every day.
.
I get up.
.
Tekir sees me.
.
Work starts at nine.
.
You come every day, familiar.
.
You get up, familiar.
.
Tekir sees you, familiar.
, !
Come, Ayşe Hanım, polite!
Practice 2/5 · The right form
Choose the form: people and places
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ben her gün .
I come every day.
Ben .
I get up.
Tekir görüyor.
Tekir sees me.
İş başlıyor.
Work starts at nine.
Sen her gün .
You come every day, familiar.
Sen .
You get up, familiar.
Tekir görüyor.
Tekir sees you, familiar.
, Ayşe Hanım!
Come, Ayşe Hanım, polite!
O her gün .
She comes every day.
O .
He gets up.
Choose the form: the rest of the module
Choose the right word for the gap.
O buraya .
Let him come here.
Biz her gün .
We come every day.
Biz .
We get up.
Tekir görüyor.
Tekir sees us.
Onlar buraya .
Let them come here.
Dokuzu beş .
It is five past nine.
Siz her gün .
You come every day, polite.
Siz .
You get up, polite.
Tekir görüyor.
Tekir sees you, polite.
Biz buraya .
Let us come here.
Practice 3/5 · Fill the gaps
Complete the mixed messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ben her gün .
I come every day.
Ben .
I get up.
Tekir görüyor.
Tekir sees me.
İş başlıyor.
Work starts at nine.
Sen her gün .
You come every day, familiar.
Sen .
You get up, familiar.
Tekir görüyor.
Tekir sees you, familiar.
, Ayşe Hanım!
Come, Ayşe Hanım, polite!
O her gün .
She comes every day.
O .
He gets up.
Practice 4/5 · Building sentences
Put the messages together
Put the words in order.
Let him come here.
We come every day.
We get up here.
Tekir sees us.
Let them come here.
It is five past nine.
You come every day, polite.
You get up, polite here.
Tekir sees you, polite.
Let us come here.
Practice 5/5 · In situations
Use the module patterns
Choose the right words for the situation.
I come every day.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I come every day.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I get up.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I get up.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Tekir sees me.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Tekir sees me.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Work starts at nine.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Work starts at nine.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You come every day, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You come every day, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You get up, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You get up, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Tekir sees you, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Tekir sees you, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Come, Ayşe Hanım, polite!
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Come, Ayşe Hanım, polite!
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.

Unit complete
