Module 1Grammar reviewPremium
Turkish in everyday situations
Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.
Ben komşuyum
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am a neighbour. | ||
| I am a neighbour. | ||
| You are a neighbour, familiar. | ||
| You are a neighbour, familiar. | ||
| He is a neighbour. | ||
| He is a neighbour. | ||
| We are neighbours. | ||
| We are neighbours. | ||
| You are a neighbour, polite. | ||
| You are a neighbour, polite. | ||
| They are neighbours. | ||
| They are neighbours. | ||
| I am new. | ||
| I am new. | ||
| You are new, polite. | ||
| You are new, polite. | ||
A pronoun stands for a person: , I; , familiar you; , he, she or it; , we; , polite or plural you; , they. The subject is the person the sentence talks about. Turkish has no grammatical gender: no masculine or feminine forms. An adjective describes a noun. Plural means more than one person or thing. The same sentence suits Lukas and Lena.
For I, you and we, a personal ending replaces English am, are: . A singular third-person noun predicate can have no ending. A singular noun refers to one person or thing. After a vowel, a linking appears in first-person forms.
Vowel harmony follows the last vowel. For two-way endings, take and take . For four-way endings, take ; take ; take ; take . Thus and . Say to an adult you do not know well, to Elif and Tekir.
Var, yok, değil
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| There is a café here. | ||
| There is a café here. | ||
| I am not hungry. | ||
| I am not hungry. | ||
| You are not hungry, familiar. | ||
| You are not hungry, familiar. | ||
| He is not hungry. | ||
| He is not hungry. | ||
| We are not hungry. | ||
| We are not hungry. | ||
| You are not hungry, polite. | ||
| You are not hungry, polite. | ||
| I have no key. | ||
| I have no key. | ||
| Is there a café here? | ||
| Is there a café here? | ||
means there is or there are; means there is not or there are not. means I have a key. means I do not have a key.
Negation means saying no. For a noun or adjective predicate use : . Use .
The question particle is a separate word: . Choose it by the last vowel. Personal endings follow it: Useful early means I am hungry.
Benim kahvem
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| This is my coffee. | ||
| This is my coffee. | ||
| This is your coffee, familiar. | ||
| This is your coffee, familiar. | ||
| This is her coffee. | ||
| This is her coffee. | ||
| This is our coffee. | ||
| This is our coffee. | ||
| This is your coffee, polite. | ||
| This is your coffee, polite. | ||
| This is their coffee. | ||
| This is their coffee. | ||
| There is nice cake. | ||
| There is nice cake. | ||
| One coffee, please. | ||
| One coffee, please. | ||
Turkish has no definite article corresponding to the. can mean one or an indefinite a: . An adjective is a describing word; it stands before a noun and does not change: .
A possessive means ownership. means my coffee, means your coffee, politely. Learn the full pattern: .
For polite ordering, works without a verb. and are fixed polite expressions; the past-looking ending inside the greeting does not introduce productive past actions.
Geliyorum, uyumuyorum
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am coming. | ||
| I am coming. | ||
| You are coming, familiar. | ||
| You are coming, familiar. | ||
| She is coming. | ||
| She is coming. | ||
| We are coming. | ||
| We are coming. | ||
| You are coming, polite. | ||
| You are coming, polite. | ||
| They are coming. | ||
| They are coming. | ||
| I am not sleeping. | ||
| I am not sleeping. | ||
| You are playing, polite. | ||
| You are playing, polite. | ||
The infinitive is the dictionary form ending in -mak or -mek. Remove it to find the verb stem: gelmek → gel. The present tense ending -iyor describes what happens now and also routines with a time phrase.
The six persons are . The vowel before harmonises: . An ending may make the subject pronoun unnecessary.
For negation, put -mı, -mi, -mu, -mü before : . Before -yor, final or narrows: çalmak → çalıyor, beklemek → bekliyor. Early polite requests such as are whole expressions until module five.
Evde, sokakta
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I am at home. | ||
| I am at home. | ||
| You are at home, familiar. | ||
| You are at home, familiar. | ||
| She is at home. | ||
| She is at home. | ||
| We are at home. | ||
| We are at home. | ||
| You are at home, polite. | ||
| You are at home, polite. | ||
| They are at home. | ||
| They are at home. | ||
| Tekir is here. | ||
| Tekir is here. | ||
| The café is downstairs. | ||
| The café is downstairs. | ||
The locative is the location ending: -da, -de, -ta, -te. Use , at home; , in the street. After f, s, t, k, , , h, p, choose t instead of d. Vowel harmony gives or .
Ask for where. Familiar where are you is ; polite is . The full personal pattern is .
Learn , downstairs, , upstairs, and , above the café, as useful location phrases. The earlier and are fixed questions and answers about last night.
Practice 1/5 · Finding words
Find the familiar forms
Tap the form practised in the module.
.
I am coming.
.
You are a neighbour, familiar.
.
I am not hungry.
.
You are coming, familiar.
.
You are at home, familiar.
.
You are not hungry, familiar.
.
This is her coffee.
.
She is coming.
Practice 2/5 · The right form
Choose the form: people and places
Choose the right word for the gap.
Ben .
I am coming.
Sen .
You are a neighbour, familiar.
Ben aç .
I am not hungry.
Sen .
You are coming, familiar.
Sen .
You are at home, familiar.
Sen aç .
You are not hungry, familiar.
Bu onun .
This is her coffee.
O .
She is coming.
O .
She is at home.
Biz .
We are neighbours.
Choose the form: the rest of the module
Choose the right word for the gap.
Bu bizim .
This is our coffee.
Biz .
We are coming.
Biz .
We are at home.
Siz .
You are a neighbour, polite.
Biz aç .
We are not hungry.
Bu sizin .
This is your coffee, polite.
Siz .
You are coming, polite.
Siz .
You are at home, polite.
Onlar .
They are neighbours.
Siz aç .
You are not hungry, polite.
Practice 3/5 · Fill the gaps
Complete the mixed messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
Ben .
I am coming.
Sen .
You are a neighbour, familiar.
Ben aç .
I am not hungry.
Sen .
You are coming, familiar.
Sen .
You are at home, familiar.
Sen aç .
You are not hungry, familiar.
Bu onun .
This is her coffee.
O .
She is coming.
O .
She is at home.
Biz .
We are neighbours.
Practice 4/5 · Building sentences
Put the messages together
Put the words in order.
This is our coffee.
We are coming here.
We are at home here.
You are a neighbour, polite here.
We are not hungry.
This is your coffee, polite.
You are coming, polite here.
You are at home, polite here.
They are neighbours here.
You are not hungry, polite.
Practice 5/5 · In situations
Use the module patterns
Choose the right words for the situation.
I am coming.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I am coming.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are a neighbour, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are a neighbour, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I am not hungry.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
I am not hungry.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are coming, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are coming, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are at home, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are at home, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are not hungry, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
You are not hungry, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
This is her coffee.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
This is her coffee.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
She is coming.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
She is coming.
You say:
Use the meaning and the form in this module.
Unit complete
