Module 7Grammar reviewPremium

Turkish in everyday situations

Reviews practise both sides: wherever Lukas and Lena would say something differently, you do it once as each.

Yağmur yağıyor; almalıyım

Tap a word to hear itTap a word to hear it and see its meaning
Form	Example	Meaning
		I must take an umbrella.
I must take an umbrella.
		You must take an umbrella, familiar.
You must take an umbrella, familiar.
		She must take an umbrella.
She must take an umbrella.
		We must take umbrellas.
We must take umbrellas.
		You must take an umbrella, polite.
You must take an umbrella, polite.
		They must take umbrellas.
They must take umbrellas.
		It is raining.
It is raining.
		It is hot.
It is hot.

Turkish weather expressions need no empty subject: , it is raining; , it is snowing; , it is hot; , it is sunny.

For must, add -malı or -meli and nominal personal endings: . After the final vowel use linking for I and we.

A gentler need is , an umbrella is needed. For I need to, learn . , you were right, is a past nominal state already taught. , it will rain, is a weather prediction chunk before the full future lesson.

Daha sıcak; en soğuk

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Form	Example	Meaning
		Here is warmer than Hamburg.
Here is warmer than Hamburg.
		January is the coldest month.
January is the coldest month.
		I am as tired as Tekir.
I am as tired as Tekir.
		The sea is bigger than the lake.
The sea is bigger than the lake.
		I swim in summer.
I swim in summer.
		I stay home in winter.
I stay home in winter.
		Spring is beautiful.
Spring is beautiful.
		Autumn is beautiful.
Autumn is beautiful.

A comparative compares two things. Use before an adjective: , warmer. The thing you compare with has the source ending: , warmer than Hamburg.

A superlative is the highest degree. Use : , the coldest month. Equality uses : , as tired as Tekir.

The complete seasons are . In a season, and are useful fixed time expressions. means more; means less.

Çok küçük; deneyebilir miyim?

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Form	Example	Meaning
		The jacket is too small.
The jacket is too small.
		Is there a bigger one?
Is there a bigger one?
		May I try it on?
May I try it on?
		Can you try it on, polite?
Can you try it on, polite?
		May we try it on?
May we try it on?
		May she try it on?
May she try it on?
		May I pay by card?
May I pay by card?
		This is the warmest jacket.
This is the warmest jacket.

A describing adjective does not agree with a person’s sex. is a yellow jacket for anyone. and can mean too small when trying something on.

For permission use , may I try it on? With a definite item use . Review the full question forms with the relevant persons.

Ask , is there a bigger one? The superlative is , the warmest. is may I pay by card.

Yapabilirim; yapmalıyım

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Form	Example	Meaning
		I can come.
I can come.
		You can come, familiar.
You can come, familiar.
		She can come.
She can come.
		We can come.
We can come.
		You can come, polite.
You can come, polite.
		They can come.
They can come.
		I cannot come.
I cannot come.
		You cannot come, polite.
You cannot come, polite.

For can, add -(y)abil or -(y)ebil to the stem. The useful aorist forms are . After a vowel use : .

Cannot normally uses -(y)ama or -(y)eme: . It does not need the positive part. For cannot right now, use .

To ask permission say , may I come in? The question forms are . Use the polite form with a shop assistant.

Obligation uses . To say must not, negate the stem: . The festival assignments use these patterns.

Çünkü; gelirse

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Form	Example	Meaning
		I stay because I am ill.
I stay because I am ill.
		If I come, there is tea.
If I come, there is tea.
		If you come, familiar, there is tea.
If you come, familiar, there is tea.
		If she comes, there is tea.
If she comes, there is tea.
		If we come, there is tea.
If we come, there is tea.
		If you come, polite, there is tea.
If you come, polite, there is tea.
		If they come, there is tea.
If they come, there is tea.
		There is no need to take it.
There is no need to take it.

Give a short reason with : . It links two complete short statements and does not change the verb endings.

A conditional form gives an if condition. For if, use a simple condition: , if he or she comes. The useful full aorist condition is . Add an ordinary following clause: .

A weather timing formula is , when it rains. Learn it as a chunk; long participle clauses are outside this A1 course. For no need say , there is no need to take it, rather than a must-not command.

Practice 1/5 · Finding words

Find the familiar forms

Tap the form practised in the module.

.
I must take an umbrella.
.
I can come.
.
You must take an umbrella, familiar.
.
You can come, familiar.
.
If I come, there is tea.
.
She must take an umbrella.
?
May I try it on?
.
She can come.

Practice 2/5 · The right form

Choose the form: people and places

Choose the right word for the gap.

Ben şemsiye .
I must take an umbrella.
Ben .
I can come.
Sen şemsiye .
You must take an umbrella, familiar.
Sen .
You can come, familiar.
Ben çay var.
If I come, there is tea.
O şemsiye .
She must take an umbrella.
Deneyebilir ?
May I try it on?
O .
She can come.
Sen çay var.
If you come, familiar, there is tea.
Biz şemsiye .
We must take umbrellas.

Choose the form: the rest of the module

Choose the right word for the gap.

Deneyebilir ?
Can you try it on, polite?
Biz .
We can come.
O çay var.
If she comes, there is tea.
Siz şemsiye .
You must take an umbrella, polite.
yüzüyorum.
I swim in summer.
Biz deneyebilir ?
May we try it on?
Siz .
You can come, polite.
Biz çay var.
If we come, there is tea.
Onlar şemsiye .
They must take umbrellas.
evde kalıyorum.
I stay home in winter.

Practice 3/5 · Fill the gaps

Complete the mixed messages

Fill the gaps with the words from the box.

Ben şemsiye .
I must take an umbrella.
Ben .
I can come.
Sen şemsiye .
You must take an umbrella, familiar.
Sen .
You can come, familiar.
Ben çay var.
If I come, there is tea.
O şemsiye .
She must take an umbrella.
Deneyebilir ?
May I try it on?
O .
She can come.
Sen çay var.
If you come, familiar, there is tea.
Biz şemsiye .
We must take umbrellas.

Practice 4/5 · Building sentences

Put the messages together

Put the words in order.

Can you try it on, polite here.
We can come here.
If she comes, there is tea.
You must take an umbrella, polite.
I swim in summer here.
May we try it on?
You can come, polite here.
If we come, there is tea.
They must take umbrellas.
I stay home in winter.

Practice 5/5 · In situations

Use the module patterns

Choose the right words for the situation.

I must take an umbrella.
You say:
I must take an umbrella.
You say:
I can come.
You say:
I can come.
You say:
You must take an umbrella, familiar.
You say:
You must take an umbrella, familiar.
You say:
You can come, familiar.
You say:
You can come, familiar.
You say:
If I come, there is tea.
You say:
If I come, there is tea.
You say:
She must take an umbrella.
You say:
She must take an umbrella.
You say:
May I try it on?
You say:
May I try it on?
You say:
She can come.
You say:
She can come.
You say:

Unit complete

Turkish in everyday situations

6exercises

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