Telling a past sequence
The definite past tense uses -dı, -di, -du, -dü after voiced sounds and -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü after f, s, t, k, , , h, p. Examples are . All regular stems take the same personal endings.
The six persons are . The negative is . Notice the first-person plural -k, unlike present forms.
The question comes after the personal form: Earlier and forms are not needed as productive patterns here; use as the already explained birth formula. Give a sequence with , first, then , afterwards.
Use , first, and , then, to tell events in order. A past question has the particle after the personal ending: . means what happened.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| I heard it. | ||
| I heard it. | ||
| You heard it, familiar. | ||
| You heard it, familiar. | ||
| She heard it. | ||
| She heard it. | ||
| We heard it. | ||
| We heard it. | ||
| You heard it, polite. | ||
| You heard it, polite. | ||
| They heard it. | ||
| They heard it. | ||
| I did not hear it. | ||
| I did not hear it. | ||
| Did you hear it, polite? | ||
| Did you hear it, polite? | ||
Ben duydum.I heard it.
Sen duydun.You heard it, familiar.
O duydu.She heard it.
Biz duyduk.We heard it.
Siz duydunuz.You heard it, polite.
Onlar duydular.They heard it.
Ben duymadım.I did not hear it.
Duydunuz mu?Did you hear it, polite?
Practice 1/6 · Finding words
Notice the useful pattern
Tap the form practised in this unit.
.
I heard it.
.
You heard it, familiar.
.
She heard it.
.
We heard it.
Practice 2/6 · The right form
Choose the form
Use the English meaning and the pattern in this unit.
Ben .
I heard it.
Sen .
You heard it, familiar.
O .
She heard it.
Biz .
We heard it.
Siz .
You heard it, polite.
Onlar .
They heard it.
Ben .
I did not hear it.
Duydunuz ?
Did you hear it, polite?
Practice 3/6 · Fill the gaps
Complete the messages
Fill the gaps with the words from the box.
O .
She heard it.
Biz .
We heard it.
Siz .
You heard it, polite.
Onlar .
They heard it.
Ben .
I did not hear it.
Duydunuz ?
Did you hear it, polite?
Practice 4/6 · Building sentences
Build a sentence
Put the words in order.
I heard it here.
You heard it, familiar here.
She heard it here.
We heard it here.
Practice 5/6 · In situations
What would you say?
Choose the right words for the situation.
I heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
I heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
You heard it, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
You heard it, familiar.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
She heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
She heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
We heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
We heard it.
You say:
Use the meaning and Turkish pattern explained in this unit.
Practice 6/6 · Matching
Connect messages and meanings
Match the pairs.
Unit complete
