Patterns
Play with the forms on their own.
Turkish usually puts the verb last. Endings show person and tense: çalışıyorum, çalıştım, çalışacağım. The pronoun can be omitted.
when?
dünyesterday
bugüntoday
yarıntomorrow
who?
- benI
- senyou
- ohe
- oshe
- bizwe
- sizyou (plural)
- onlarthey
Bugün ben verb.
Today I verb.
verb
yemekeat
içmekdrink
gitmekgo
çalışmakwork
uyumaksleep
okumakread
yüzmekswim
Possession uses a possessive ending plus var or yok: kedim var, kedin yok. O means both he and she.
who?
- benI
- senyou
- ohe
- oshe
- bizwe
- sizyou (plural)
- onlarthey
Benim kedim var.
I have a cat.
what? · tap again: have → don't have
kedia cat
köpeka dog
arabaa car
zamantime
paramoney
Location -de/-da, source -den/-dan, destination -e/-a: evde, evden, eve. After voiceless consonants, d becomes t; after a vowel, destination uses y.
where from? where? where to?
neredenwhere fromSource · Abl. (-den/-dan)
neredewhereLocation · Loc. (-de/-da)
nereyewhere toDestination · Dat. (-e/-a)
Neredesin?
Where are you?
place.
I'm place.
place
AlmanyaGermany
AvusturyaAustria
İsviçreSwitzerland
TürkiyeTurkey
Amerikathe USA
Birleşik Krallıkthe United Kingdom
FransaFrance
PolonyaPoland
MısırEgypt
FasMorocco
MaltaMalta
AnkaraAnkara
evhome
istasyonthe station
okulschool
kafethe café
parkthe park
gölthe lake
Adjectives stay unchanged. Bu/bunlar identify things; burada ... var says what is here: bu büyük bir kitap, burada büyük kitaplar var.
construction: identify or say what is here
- buthis is
buradahere
noun · tap again for the plural
- köpekdog
- kedicat
evhouse
masatable
çantabag
kitapbook- arabacar
Bu what's it like noun · tap again for the plural.
This is what's it like noun · tap again for the plural.
what's it like?
büyükbig
küçüksmall
yeninew
güzelbeautiful
eskiold
Verb negation comes before -yor. The question particle is separate: geliyor musun, gelmiyor musun. Its vowel follows harmony; personal endings attach to the particle.
sentence type
- olumlupositive
- olumsuznegative
- soruquestion
- olumsuz sorunegative question
verb.
verb
verb
gelmekcome- çalışmakwork
After a number, the noun stays singular: iki büyük kitap, üç küçük kedi. Adjectives also stay unchanged.
how many?
- birone
- ikitwo
- üçthree
İki what var.
There are two what.
what?
- kitapbook
- kedicat
- masatable
With adjectives, the question particle follows the last vowel: hazır mısın, iyi misin, mutlu musun, üzgün müsün. It is written separately; the person ending attaches to it. Negation uses değil: hazır değilsin.
sentence type
- olumlupositive
- olumsuznegative
- soruquestion
- olumsuz sorunegative question
what's it like?
what's it like
what's it like?
- hazırready
- iyiwell
mutluhappy
üzgünsad