Near you or farther away

Use este / esta for this and ese / esa for that. Match the noun: este cuaderno, esta pintura. Plurals are estos / estas, esos / esas. Farther away, aquel / aquella, aquellos / aquellas mean that/those over there.

Choose without repeating the noun

If the noun is clear, el grande means the big one and la pequeña the small one. Keep its article and adjective agreement. Este es grande means this one is big. These forms have no written accent.

Too much or just enough

Before an adjective, demasiado means too and stays the same: demasiado pequeño, demasiado pequeña. Cada uno means each one. No tiene ninguno is the complete phrase for she does not have any, when the item is understood.